Chapter 4.5 Flashcards
Studies of emotion are only as good as their measures of emotion
T or F
True
In order to study emotion in the lab, we need to ?
Manipulate (or elicit) emotions
MEASURE EMOTIONS
What are we measuring in an emotion response ?
- affective chronometry
- the multiple components of emotions
- the 3Rs
Emotional responses can be broken down into the 3 R’s? What are the 3 R’s
Reactivity
Recovery
Regulation
Affective chronometry
Describes the time course of an emotional response
Emotion reactivity
The type, magnitude , and duration of initial emotional response to internal and external environment and have significance for personal goals
Emotion recovery
The magnitude and duration of the return from the peak emotional response to baseline
Emotion regulation
The process by which individuals influence which emotions they have, when they have them, and how they experience and express those emotions
Measures of emotional responses
Self reported emotional experience
Emotional expressive behavior
Peripheral physiology
Overt behavior
Emotional language
Types of self reported emotional experience
Questionnaires
Ecological monumental assessment (EMA)
Narrative methods
Daily reconstructions
Types of responses
Free response
Dimensional assessment
Multiple dimensional assessments
Continuous dimensional assessment
Two-step daily reconstructions
Pros and cons
Pros: can be a good compromise ; remains dependent on the follow-up questions
Con: takes a lot of time ; people tend to report fewer events if you make them do this often
Types of emotional expressive behavior
Facial expressions (ex: FACS coding )
Whole body expressions
Types of overt behavior
Choice behavior
Emotion related actions (running away, yelling)
Emotion Influenced actions (liking of a neutral face , attention to scary stimulus )
Most animal studies of emotion use __________
Overt behavior
Types of emotional language
Written or transcribed language
Frequency or proportion of words used in different categories (fear words, negative emotion words , etc)
Most common tools for emotion elicitation
Standardized bs personalized stimuli
- Directed facial action
- static photos
- Film/audio clips
- emotional memories
- interpersonal interaction
- performance /judgment
- bodily stress
Standard stimuli
The same stimuli for all people
Presented for a fixed period of time
Personalized stimuli
Different stimuli for each subject
Presented for different amounts of time
Standard stimuli advantage and disadvantage
Pro: well controlled experimentation; known time course
Con: difficult to elicit strong emotion
Personalized stimuli pro and con
Pro: easier to elicit strong emotion; presented for different amounts of time ; interpreted differently by different people
Con: poorly controlled experimentation ; unknown time course
Directed facial action
Pro and cons
Pros: reasonable ecological validity ; fairly standardized
Cons: people often know what you are looking for ; has demand characteristics; the elicited emotions often are very intense
Static images pros and cons
Pro: easy and common; standardized sets ; low cognition demand ; low language demand
Cons: not super intense ; limited range of emotions ; human facial expressions can be exaggerated
Film / audio clips pros and cons
Pros: reasonable ecological validity ; easy; can be intense
Cons: high cognitive demands ; there’s no accounting for taste ; cannot elicit all emotions
Memories pros and cons
Pros: personally relevant and engaging; good ecological validity
Cons: not standardized without a shared memory ; high memory demand
Interpersonal interaction pros and cons
Pros: good ecological validity; naturalistic social contexts
Cons: somewhat idiographic ; emotion responses influenced by both members of the dyad
Performance/ judgement pros and cons
Pros: ecologically valid; effective at inducing some emotions , engaging
Cons: not very good at eliciting all emotions ; difficult to find a matched control task; participant discomfort
Bodily stress pros and cons
Pros: ecological validity; possible to get intense responses
Cons: participant discomfort; often only a few trials ; method is confounded with emotion type
