Chapter 43 - Animal Reproduction Flashcards
What is the most favorable type of reproduction?
Asexual
Types of Asexual Reproduction and what they do
- Binary Fission - splits
- Budding - outgrowth
- Fragmentation - broken off
- Parthenogenesis - eggs form via mitosis with no fertilization
In Mammals, which chromosome determines sex of the individual?
Y chromosome
In Mammals, what are the female and male chromosomes?
XX = female
XY = male
In Birds, which chromosome determines the sex of the individual?
W chromosome
In Birds, what are the female and male chromosomes?
ZZ = male
ZW = female
What is temperature-dependent sex determination?
Sex is determined by temperature, not by chromosomes
What are the results in Turtle temperature-dependent sex determination?
cooler = male
warmer = female
What are the results in Alligator temperature-dependent sex determination?
warmer = male
cooler = female
What are the results in Crocodile temperature-dependent sex determination?
moderate = male
extreme = female
When an animal is female first then changes into a male, then it’s called…
Protogyny
When an animal is male first then changes into a female, then it’s called…
Protandry
Haploid-diploid sex determination:
Haploid = male
Diploid = female
Types of sexual reproduction
- Hermaphroditism - have both female and male parts
- External Fertilization - a free-for-all and occurs in aquatic environments; alot offspring but low survival rate
- Internal Fertilization - male sperm deposited in female to fertilize eggs; few offspring but high survival rate
Types of Internal Fertilization
- Viviparous - live birth
- Oviparous - eggs outside
- Ovoviviparous - egg hatches in utero then born alive
Male Anatomy
- Testes produce sperm and testosterone
- Seminiferous tubules in the testes produce sperm (spermatogenesis)
- Sperm exits the testes through vas deferens tube then travels through the ejaculatory tube to exit the penis
Female Anatomy
- Ovaries, oviducts, uterus
- Cortex (outer layer of ovary) has follicular cells that produce eggs
- During ovulation, the egg is released from the ovary then travels to the uterus through Fallopian tubes
- Fertilized eggs implant on the uterus
What is spermatogenesis?
production of sperm by the male testes
What are the stem cells located in the testes called?
Spermatogonia
1 spermatogonium goes through _______ to produce 2 _______ cells
mitosis; diploid
What is oogenesis?
production of eggs in ovaries
What are the oogonia?
Stem cells located in ovaries
1 oogonium goes through _______ to produce 2 _______ cells called primary oocytes
mitosis; diploid
