Chapter 43 - Animal Reproduction

Question 1

What is the most favorable type of reproduction?

Answer 1

Asexual

Question 2

Types of Asexual Reproduction and what they do

Answer 2

• Binary Fission - splits
• Budding - outgrowth
• Fragmentation - broken off
• Parthenogenesis - eggs form via mitosis with no fertilization

Question 3

In Mammals, which chromosome determines sex of the individual?

Answer 3

Y chromosome

Question 4

In Mammals, what are the female and male chromosomes?

Answer 4

XX = female
XY = male

Question 5

In Birds, which chromosome determines the sex of the individual?

Answer 5

W chromosome

Question 6

In Birds, what are the female and male chromosomes?

Answer 6

ZZ = male
ZW = female

Question 7

What is temperature-dependent sex determination?

Answer 7

Sex is determined by temperature, not by chromosomes

Question 8

What are the results in Turtle temperature-dependent sex determination?

Answer 8

cooler = male
warmer = female

Question 9

What are the results in Alligator temperature-dependent sex determination?

Answer 9

warmer = male
cooler = female

Question 10

What are the results in Crocodile temperature-dependent sex determination?

Answer 10

moderate = male
extreme = female

Question 11

When an animal is female first then changes into a male, then it’s called…

Answer 11

Protogyny

Question 12

When an animal is male first then changes into a female, then it’s called…

Answer 12

Protandry

Question 13

Haploid-diploid sex determination:

Answer 13

Haploid = male
Diploid = female

Question 14

Types of sexual reproduction

Answer 14

• Hermaphroditism - have both female and male parts
• External Fertilization - a free-for-all and occurs in aquatic environments; alot offspring but low survival rate
• Internal Fertilization - male sperm deposited in female to fertilize eggs; few offspring but high survival rate

Question 15

Types of Internal Fertilization

Answer 15

• Viviparous - live birth
• Oviparous - eggs outside
• Ovoviviparous - egg hatches in utero then born alive

Question 16

Male Anatomy

Answer 16

• Testes produce sperm and testosterone
• Seminiferous tubules in the testes produce sperm (spermatogenesis)
• Sperm exits the testes through vas deferens tube then travels through the ejaculatory tube to exit the penis

Question 17

Female Anatomy

Answer 17

• Ovaries, oviducts, uterus
• Cortex (outer layer of ovary) has follicular cells that produce eggs
• During ovulation, the egg is released from the ovary then travels to the uterus through Fallopian tubes
• Fertilized eggs implant on the uterus

Question 18

What is spermatogenesis?

Answer 18

production of sperm by the male testes

Question 19

What are the stem cells located in the testes called?

Answer 19

Spermatogonia

Question 20

1 spermatogonium goes through _______ to produce 2 _______ cells

Answer 20

mitosis; diploid

Question 21

What is oogenesis?

Answer 21

production of eggs in ovaries

Question 22

What are the oogonia?

Answer 22

Stem cells located in ovaries

Question 23

1 oogonium goes through _______ to produce 2 _______ cells called primary oocytes

Answer 23

mitosis; diploid