Chapter 33 - Animal Form & Function

Question 1

What does an animal’s body plan do?

Answer 1

Limit its size, shape, and ability to interact with the environment

Question 2

Animals with an asymmetrical body plan are…

Answer 2

• Aquatic
• Sessile
• Filter-feeders

Question 3

Animals with a radial body plan are…

Answer 3

• Motile Aquatic
• Filter-feeders or active-feeders

Question 4

Animals with bilateral body plan are….

Answer 4

• Can be aquatic but all terrestrial animals are bilateral
• Have cephalization so their movement is forward/backward
• Motile and active-feeders
• Anterior, posterior, dorsal, and ventral

Question 5

Aquatic bilateral animals have a _________ shape to do what?

Answer 5

Fusiform; minimize drag in water
(convergent evolution)

Question 6

What constrains aquatic animals?

Answer 6

density of water

Question 7

What contains terrestrial animals?

Answer 7

gravity

Question 8

What does an exoskeleton do for animals that have it?

Answer 8

Provides support and protection

Question 9

What are exoskeletons most often made of?

Answer 9

Chitin or calcium carbonate

Question 10

What are apodemes?

Answer 10

ingrowths that are the sites of muscle attachment in exoskeletons

Question 11

What does having an exoskeleton limit?

Answer 11

the animal’s size

Question 12

All chordate animals have what?

Answer 12

an endoskeleton

Question 13

What are the 2 defined body cavities that bilateral animals have and what are their smaller cavities?

Answer 13

• Dorsal - cranial & vertebral cavity
• Ventral/Thoracic - pleural & cardiac

Question 14

Animals obtain energy from…

Answer 14

the food they digest

Question 15

What molecules are converted to ATP for immediate energy?

Answer 15

• Carbohydrates
• Protein
• Lipids

Question 16

What stores long-term energy?

Answer 16

Glycogen & Fat

Question 17

What does the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics state?

Answer 17

Energy cannot be converted from one form to another with 100% efficiency

Question 18

How does the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics apply to animals?

Answer 18

• Converting macromolecules to ATP, glycogen, or fat gives off energy in the form of heat
• Endothermic animals use that heat to maintain thermal homeostasis

Question 19

What is Metabolic Rate?

Answer 19

The amount of energy expended over a given time (measured in joules or calories)

Question 20

Poikilothermic animals allow their body temperature to what?

Answer 20

allow their body temperature to fluctuate depending on the environment

Question 21

What is torpor?

Answer 21

an animals’ ability to adapt to seasonal temperature and/or food and water availability in extreme environments

Question 22

What is a type of winter torpor?

Answer 22

Hibernation

Question 23

What is a type of summer torpor?

Answer 23

Estivation

Question 24

True or False: Torpor cannot occur on a daily basis

Answer 24

False: Torpor can occur on a daily basis