Chapter 40 - Acquired Metabolic Flashcards
Normal serum osmolality A. 250-270 mOsm/L B. 260-280 mOsm/L C. 270-290 mOsm/L D. 280-300 mOsm/L
C. 270-290 mOsm/L (p. 1133)
Following cardiac arrest, recovery can be complete if breathing, oxygenation, and cardiac action are restored within A. 3-5 mins B. 5-7 mins C. 6-8 mins D. 7-9 mins
A. 3-5 mins (p. 1134)
Most common early change in imaging studies in cases of severe anoxic-ischemic injury
A. Loss of distinction between the cerebral gray and white matter
B. Watershed infarctions
C. Striatal damage
D. None of the above
A. Loss of distinction between the cerebral gray and white matter (p. 1135)
Plain CT findings in carbon monoxide poisoning*
A. Loss of distinction between the cerebral gray and white matter
B. Watershed infarctions
C. Striatal damage with sparing of the pallidum
D. Decreased attenuation in the pallidum bilaterally
D. Decreased attenuation in the pallidum bilaterally (p. 1138)
Cerebral edema in acute mountain sickness is implicated to overexpression of A. VEGF B. FGF C. EGF D. EPO
A. VEGF (p. 1139)
Main features of chronic mountain sickness or Monge disease EXCEPT A. Coma B. Pulmonary hypertension C. Cor pulmonale D. Secondary polycythemia
A. Coma (p. 1139)
Most effective preventive measure for mountain sickness*
A. Dexamethasone
B. Acetazolamide
C. Dexamethasone and acetazolamide combination
D. Acclimatization by a 2- to 4-day stay at intermediate altitudes
D. Acclimatization by a 2- to 4-day stay at intermediate altitudes (p. 1139)
Chronic hypercapnia can be seen in the following conditions EXCEPT* A. Bronchial asthma B. COPD C. Emphysema D. Fibrosing lung disease E. Myasthenia gravis
A. Bronchial asthma (p. 1139)
Most effective therapeutic measure for hypercapnic pulmonary disease A. Positive pressure ventilation B. Oxygen supplementation C. Phlebotomy D. Antibiotics
A. Positive pressure ventilation (p. 1139)
The patient presents with dehydration, fatigue, weakness, headache, abdominal pain, dryness of the mouth, Kussmaul breathing, and eventually went into coma. He probably has* A. Diabetic acidosis B. Hyperosmolar nonketotic hyperglycemia C. Hepatic coma D. Uremic encephalopathy
A. Diabetic acidosis (p. 1141)
MRI findings in portal-systemic encephalopathy
A. Loss of distinction between the cerebral gray and white matter
B. Watershed infarctions
C. Decreased attenuation in the pallidum bilaterally
D. High signal intensity in the globus pallidus
D. High signal intensity in the globus pallidus (p. 1143)
Neuropathologic findings in hepatic encephalopathy*
A. Alzheimer type I astrocytes
B. Alzheimer type II astrocytes
C. Mild hyperplasia of protoplasmic astrocytes
D. Batwing lesion of the pons
B. Alzheimer type II astrocytes (p. 1143)
Mainstay of treatment in hepatic encephalopathy* A. Restriction of dietary protein B. Neomycin C. Lactulose D. Rifaximin
C. Lactulose (p. 1144)
A patient with SIADH and serum Na less than 120 mEq/Lis treated by restricting fluids to*
A. 500 mL per 24 hours
B. 1000 mL per 24 hours
C. 1500 mL per 24 hours
D. SIADH is not treated with fluid restriction
A. 500 mL per 24 hours (p. 1148)
Batwing lesion of the pons on MRI is attributed to A. Basilar artery occlusion B. Central pontine myelinosis C. Multiple sclerosis D. None of the above
B. Central pontine myelinosis (p. 1150)