Chapter 4 Vocab Flashcards
Household Mode of Production
Definition: The system of exchanging goods and labor between families in New England.
Significance: This helped families survive on their shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
Tenancy
Definition: The rental of property.
Significance: To attract tenants in New York’s Hudson River Valley, Dutch and English manorial lords granted long tenancy leases, with the right to sell improvements to the next tenant.
Redemption System
Definition: A flexible form of indentured servitude that allowed families to negotiate their own terms upon arrival.
Significance: This was put in place by German immigrants to help pay for the expensive trip to America.
Enlightenment
Definition: a European cultural movement which emphasized the power of human reason to underhand and shape the world.
Significance: This movement reached America by the growing print culture and caused a new rational form of Christianity as well as led to the development of the measles preventative.
Pietism
Definition: a Christian movement emphasizing pious (showing a spirit of reverence for God) behavior.
Significance: This spread to America by the print revolution and sparked a religious revival in Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
Natural Rights
Definition: John Locke’s belief that people have inalienable rights to life, liberty, and property and should have the power to change their government policies.
Significance: This idea was a major contributor to Enlightenment, leading to a rational form of Christianity.
Deism
Definition: The belief that a Supreme Being created the world and allowed it to operate by natural laws but did not intervene in people’s lives. (This was a way of thinking, not an organized religion.)
Significance: Benjamin Franklin was deist and began questioning the morality of slavery, and spread these ideas.
Revival
Definition: The renewal of religious enthusiasm.
Significance: This was sparked by German immigrants who brought pietism to America and later spread from Pennsylvania and New Jersey to Massachusetts, Connecticut, and parts of Europe.
Old Lights
Definition: This was the name given to Conservative ministers by evangelists.
Significance: They persuaded legislature to prohibit evangelists from speaking to a congregation without a minister’s permission.
New Lights
Definition: Evangelists who allowed women to speak in public.
Significance: They rebelled against the Old Lights and founded “separatist” churches. (Great Awakening)
Consumer Revolution
Definition: The British became more powerful during their Industrial Revolution and began to control trade. The colonies then imported many goods from Britain and had to increase their exports.
Significance: The colonies became so dependent on British imports, but couldn’t export enough to pay for it so they went into debt and a recession began.
Regulators
Definition: a group of landowning vigilantes in South Carolina who demanded more courts, fairer taxation, and greater representation in the assembly.
Significance: The assembly created more courts and reduced fees for legal documents, but refused greater representation and lower taxes.
Benjamin Franklin
Definition: a printer, deis, inventor, and founder of the American Philosophical Society.
Significance: He inspired many colonists to turn to deism and sparked Enlightenment.
Jonathan Edwards
Definition: A minister of North Hampton, Massachusetts who encouraged revival.
Significance: The revival spread and he wrote a book which also spread to Europe and other colonies.
George Whitefield
Definition: And English minister who transformed rivals into the Great Awakening.
Significance: Through his sermons, he created the New Lights.
French and Indian War
Definition: Th war caused by Britain taking French allies and invading Native territory.
Significance: The British defeated the French and Indians and the war ended in the Treaty of Paris.
Pontiac
Definition: The Ottowa chief who wanted to encourage the French to return and led an uprising.
Significance: The uprising ended with the Treaty of Peace, stating that the Indian’s land was off limits to settlement and belonged to only the natives.
Albany Plan
Definition: A plan formed at the meeting at Albany which proposed one central government would be formed in America to mend relationships with the natives.
Significance: The plan would’ve compromised colonial independence and the authority of the Parliament, so it was never seriously considered.
Paxton Boys
Definition: A group of Scots-Irish frontiersmen who massacred 20 Indians after Quaker leaders refused to expel all natives from Pennsylvania.
Significance: John Penn tried to bring them to justice but other scots-Irish frontiersmen started a mob, which was stopped by Benjamin Franklin. The Paxton Boys eventually excoriated the Pennsylvania government for protecting Indians and neglecting colonists.
Cotton Mather
Definition: A Puritan minister influenced by Enlightenment.
Significance: When measles struck, he believed only God could cure it, but when during the smallpox outbreak, he believed in a scientific cure.
