Chapter 4 Viticulture Flashcards
Put the following stages of the annual growth cycle of the vine in chronological order, starting with winter dormancy and following through the year.
Berry set, Photosynthesis begins, Harvest, Bud break, Physiological maturity, Version, Shoot and leaf growth, Flowering, Weeping, Winter dormancy
Winter Dormancy Weeping Bud Break Shoot and leaf growth Photosynthesis begins Flowering Berry set Veraison Physiological maturity Harvest
Name the metabolic process described by the following statement.
The process by which materials are moved from one part of the plant to another.
Translocation
Name the metabolic process described by the following statement.
The process by which sunlight is converted into sugar.
Photosynthesis
Name the metabolic process described by the following statement.
The process by which water evaporates through openings on the underside of the leaves.
Transpiration
Name the metabolic process described by the following statement.
The process by which sugar is broken down and converted into biological energy.
Respiration
Match the following vine malady with its appropriate definition.
Oidium, Peronospora, Botrytis cinerea, Millerandage, Coulure, Pierce’s Disease, Phylloxera, Nematode
A problem that causes poor fruit set, also known as shatter.
Coulure
Match the following vine malady with its appropriate definition.
Oidium, Peronospora, Botrytis cinerea, Millerandage, Coulure, Pierce’s Disease, Phylloxera, Nematode
A soil-based roundworm that has become more prevalent with the increased use of shallow-rooted rootstock.
Nematode
Match the following vine malady with its appropriate definition.
Oidium, Peronospora, Botrytis cinerea, Millerandage, Coulure, Pierce’s Disease, Phylloxera, Nematode
A mold that is sometimes beneficial, also known as noble rot.
Botrytis cinerea
Match the following vine malady with its appropriate definition.
Oidium, Peronospora, Botrytis cinerea, Millerandage, Coulure, Pierce’s Disease, Phylloxera, Nematode
A fungal disease also known as powdery mildew.
Oidium
Match the following vine malady with its appropriate definition.
Oidium, Peronospora, Botrytis cinerea, Millerandage, Coulure, Pierce’s Disease, Phylloxera, Nematode
A problem with abnormal fruit set that causes grape bunches to have a high proportion of small, seedless berries mixed in with normal, larger berries.
Millerandage
Match the following vine malady with its appropriate definition.
Oidium, Peronospora, Botrytis cinerea, Millerandage, Coulure, Pierce’s Disease, Phylloxera, Nematode
A fungal disease also known as downy mildew.
Peronospora
Match the following vine malady with its appropriate definition.
Oidium, Peronospora, Botrytis cinerea, Millerandage, Coulure, Pierce’s Disease, Phylloxera, Nematode
A bacterial disease spread by insects such as the glassy-winged sharpshooter.
Pierce’s Disease
A destructive louse that feeds off the roots of vinifera vines.
Phylloxera
What is the difference between climate and weather?
Climate refers to the historical, average weather of a certain place, or what is expected to happen in the long run. Weather is the actual meteorological conditions forecast in the short term, as well as what actually occurs.
How much water do grapevines need on an annual basis
Approximately 20-30 inches/51-76 cm
Explain why soils with low fertility are generally ideal for commercial vineyards.
Less fertile soils encourage the vine to produce less vegetation and fewer grapes, leading to well—ripened grape bunches rich in sugar and phenolics.
Put these four soil types in order, from smallest in particle size to largest: gravel, salt, clay, and sand.
Clay (smallest), silt, sand, gravel (largest)
Describe the potential climatic differences between a vineyard situated at a high elevation and one situated on a valley floor.
A vineyard at higher elevations will be cooler, windier, and have less fog. The higher altitude vineyard will also have more intense sunlight and larger diurnal temperature swings.
Explain the effect that large bodies of water have on the climate of a nearby vineyard
Water tends to change temperature more slowly than soil, so vineyards situated close to large bodies of water experience less temperature fluctuation. Their diurnal temperature range is less, summers are not as hot, and winters are milder. The humidity can also provide for morning or evening fogs, as well as greater cloud cover, rain, and dampness.
T/F In general, a lower latitude translates into a warmer climate.
True
T/F The Oechsle system of measuring grape ripeness is widely used in France.
False, it is widely used in the German, Swiss, and Luxembourgish wine-making industries.
T/F Photosynthesis slow, but does not stop, at night.
False, red and blue wavelengths of light can facilitate extended photosynthesis through the night.
T/F The annual growth cycle of the vine is considered to begin each year with bud break, which starts once temperatures reach 65ºF (18ºC) in the spring.
False, bud break does begin the annual growth cycle of the vine but it does so when temperatures reach 50ºF (10ºC).
When producing dry table wines, the typical time from bud break to harvest is 140 to 160 days.
True
Ideally, soil should enable the vine’s roots to access water when needed, but also ensure that excess water is drained away.
True
In the Northern Hemisphere, a vineyard on a slope that faces north gets the most sun.
False, a vineyard in the Northern Hemisphere gets the most sun on a slope that faces south.
Regions with a continental climate generally experience hotter summers and colder winters than regions with a Mediterranean climate.
True
The Guyot system of vine training does not require the use of a trellis or wires.
False, this system uses trellis and wires.
A Mediterranean climate is considered to have too short a growing season in order for grapes to ripen on a regular basis.
False, the Mediterranean climate is perfect for many different types of grapes.
In general, sugar as measured by degrees Brix will convert to alcohol by a conversion factor of 55%.
True
Photosynthesis tends to slow down at temperatures below 50ºF (10ºC).
True
A refractometer is used to measure the amount of rainfall that penetrates topsoil to a depth of 6 inches (15 centimeters).
False, it is used to measure grape sugar concentration in degrees of Brix.
In a pergola system, overhead vines are trained up a tall support and allowed to spread out horizontally.
True
In the United States, a biodynamic viticulture is regulated by the US Department of Agriculture.
False, it is regulated by Demeter International
Which of the following statements is true concerning photosynthesis?
A. Photosynthesis occurs most efficiently when the daytime temperature is over 90ºF (32ºC).
B. Photosynthesis occurs most efficiently when the daytime temperature is under 50ºF (10ºC).
C. Photosynthesis slows but does not completely shut down at night.
D. Photosynthesis can only occur when the sun is shining.
D. Photosynthesis can only occur when the sun is shining.
