Chapter 4 - Typical and Atypical Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

Abnormality

A

behaviours that are unusual, bizarre, atypical or out of the ordinary

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2
Q

Adaptive

A

a term used by psychologists to describe emotions, behaviours and cognitions that enable us to adjust to our environment appropriately and cope most effectively

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3
Q

Adaptive cognitions

A

ways of thinking that are of benefit to our survival and wellbeing

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4
Q

Alertness

A

the ability to be
vigilant and to
sustain focus

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5
Q

Atypical behaviours

A

patterns of behaviour that are not expected for an individual or that deviate from the norm and can be
harmful or distressing for
the individual and those around them

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6
Q

Atypical development

A

when behaviours, skills or abilities fall outside the expected range of development or progress at a different pace compared to similar-aged peers

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7
Q

Central coherence

A

the ability to
derive overall
meaning from a
mass of details

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8
Q

Cognitions

A

cognitive processes or mental actions that involve acquiring, processing and understanding information or knowledge

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9
Q

Cognitive behavioural therapy

A

psychological treatment that targets the relationship between maladaptive thoughts, feelings and behaviours

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10
Q

Cultural perspectives

A

a criterion for determining whether a behaviour is typical or atypical, by accounting for cultural norms or societal standards

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11
Q

Cultural responsiveness

A

respect for, and relevance to, the health beliefs, health practices, culture and linguistic needs of diverse populations and communities

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12
Q

Emotions

A

feelings that arise from our circumstances, mood or relationships with others

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13
Q

Executive function

A

a cognitive
process that
helps us to set
goals, organise
and plan, focus
our attention
and ultimately
get things done

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14
Q

Maladaptive

A

a term used by psychologists to describe emotions, behaviours and cognitions that interfere with our ability to adjust to our environment appropriately and effectively

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15
Q

Maladaptive behaviour

A

behaviour that is unhelpful, dysfunctional and nonproductive, and that interferes with a person’s
ability to adjust to their environment appropriately and effectively

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16
Q

Maladaptive cognitions

A

cognitive distortions or irrational, inflated thoughts or beliefs that distort a person’s perception of reality, usually in a negative way

17
Q

Maladaptive emotions

A

very intense or overwhelming emotions that occur frequently, persist for extended periods of time without interruption or are inappropriate for the situation

18
Q

Neurodivergent

A

a term that is sometimes used to refer to people whose brains function differently to others’

19
Q

Neurodiverse

A

not neurotypical; functioning
outside the typical range of neurological development

20
Q

Neurodiversity

A

the idea that every human has a unique nervous system with a different combination of abilities and needs

21
Q

Neurotypical

A

an individual whose neurological development or functioning is within the typical (average) range

22
Q

Neurotypicality

A

standard or
typical brain
functioning,
processing and
behaviours

23
Q

Normality

A

patterns of
behaviour that
are typical and
expected, or
that conform
to standards
of what is
acceptable

24
Q

Personal distress

A

a state in
which a person
experiences
unpleasant
or upsetting
emotions, such
as sadness,
anxiety or feeling
overwhelmed

25
Social norms
shared standards or social beliefs about what is normal, acceptable or typical behaviour
26
Statistical rarity
a criterion that views abnormal or atypical behaviours as deviating significantly from the statistical average or mean
27
Theory of mind
a cognitive ability that allows us to make judgements about other people’s mental states
28
Typical behaviours
patterns of behaviour that are expected of an individual or that conform to standards of what is acceptable for a given situation
29
Typical development
when behaviours, skills or abilities fall within the expected range of development or progress at a similar pace compared to peers of the same age
30
Working memory
memory that allows us to process incoming sensory information
31
Criteria for categorising typical and atypical behaviours
Cultural perspectives, social norms, maladaptive behaviours, personal distress, and statistical rarity