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Botany 1 > Chapter 4: Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

a plant organ that functions in anchorage and absorption; most are produced below ground

A

roots

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2
Q

a plant axis with leaves or enations

A

stem

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3
Q

a flattened, usually photosynthetic structure arranged in various ways on a stem

A

leaf

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4
Q

plant structure that contains reproductive organs and associated tissues

A

flower

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5
Q

a region of undifferentiated cells in which new cells arise

A

meristem

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6
Q

a meristem at the tip of a shoot or root
-primary growth occurs

A

apical meristem

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7
Q

the primary meristem that gives rise to the epidermis

A

protoderm

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8
Q

meristem that produces all the primary tissues other than the epidermis and stele

A

ground meristem

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9
Q

a primary meristematic tissue that differentiates into primary phloem and xylem

A

procambium

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10
Q

a tissue produced by an apical meristem

A

primary tissues

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11
Q

region in a plant that produces tissue that increases the girth of roots and stems
-secondary growth occurs
-vascular cambium and cork cambium

A

lateral meristem

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12
Q

a narrow, cylindrical sheath of cells that produces secondary xylem and phloem in stems and roots; found between xylem and phloem

A

vascular cambium

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13
Q

a meristem producing secondary tissues

A

cambium

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14
Q

a narrow cylindrical sheath of cells between the exterior of a woody root or stem and the central vascular tissue

A

cork cambium

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15
Q

region of a stem where one or more leaves are attached

A

nodes

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16
Q

thin-walled cells varying in size, shape, and function; the most common type of plant cell; mostly alive at maturity
-functions include photosynthesis, storage, and secretion

A

parenchyma

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17
Q

tissue composed of parenchyma cells that contain chloroplasts

A

chlorenchyma

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18
Q

tissue composed of elongated cells with unevenly thickened walls; supports young growing organs; alive at maturity

A

collenchyma

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19
Q

tissue composed of lignified cells with thick walls; the tissue functions primarily in strengthening and support; mostly dead at maturity

A

sclerenchyma

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20
Q

a polymer with which certain cell walls become impregnanted

A

lignin

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21
Q

a sclerenchyma cell that usually has one axis not conspicuously longer than the other; it may vary in shape and is heavily lignified

A

sclereid

22
Q

a long, thick-walled cell whose protoplasm often is dead at maturity

A

fiber

23
Q

the tissue through which most of the dissolved water and dissolved minerals utilized by a plant are conducted; it consists of several types of cells

A

xylem

24
Q

one of usually very numerous cylindrical “tubes” whose cells have lost their cytoplasm; occur in the xylem of most angiosperms and a few other vascular plants

A

vessel

25
Q

a single cell of a vessel; fluid flows through because of perforation plates; dead at maturity

A

vessel element

26
Q

the end walls of xylem vessel elements with openings through which water flows; lack primary and secondary walls

A

perforation plate

27
Q

a xylem cell that is tapered at the ends and has thick walls containing pits

A

tracheid

28
Q

thickened region of the pit membrane in tracheids

A

torus

29
Q

radially oriented tiers of parenchyma cells that conduct food, water, and other materials laterally in the stems and roots of woody plants

A

ray

30
Q

the food conducting tissue of a vascular plant

A

phloem

31
Q

a single cell of a sieve tube; conserve protoplasts; alive at maturity

A

sieve tube member/ sieve elements

32
Q

a specialized cell derived from the same parent cell as the closely associated sieve tube member immediately adjacent to it (in angiosperm phloem)

A

companion cell

33
Q

a column of sieve tube members arranged from end to end

A

sieve tube

34
Q

an area of the wall of a sieve tube member that contains several to many perforations that permit cytoplasmic connections between similar adjacent cells

A

sieve plate

35
Q

the exterior tissue, usually one cell thick, of leaves, young stems and roots, and other parts of plants

A

epidermis

36
Q

an aerial root with a multilayered epidermis believed to function in retarding moisture loss
-ex: orchids, monstera

A

velamen root

37
Q

the waxy or fatty substance of which a cuticle is composed

A

cutin

38
Q

a waxy or fatty layer of varying thickness on the outer walls of epidermal cells

A

cuticle

39
Q

an outgrowth from the epidermis of plants

A

trichome

40
Q

a minute pore or opening in the epidermis of leaves, herbaceous stems, and the sporophytes of hornworts

A

stoma (pl. stomata)

41
Q

one of a pair of specialized cells surrounding a stoma
-the green “eyes” in the Zebrina cell slides (pictured)

A

guard cell

42
Q

a small body of variable shape and size that may secrete certain substances but that also may be functionless

A

gland

43
Q

outer bark of woody trees and shrubs; secondary protective tissue; composed primarily of cork cells

A

periderm

44
Q

tissue composed of cells whose walls are impregnated with suberin at maturity

A

cork

45
Q

a fatty substance found primarily in the cell walls of cork and the Casparian strips of endodermal cells

A

suberin

46
Q

one of usually numerous, slightly raised, somewhat spongy groups of cells in the bark of woody plants

A

lenticel

47
Q

cell or tissue producing a substance or substances that are moved outside the cells

A

secretory cell/ secretory tissue

48
Q

tissue system that functions in storage and support
-tissue types include parenchyma, sclerenchyma, collenchyma

A

ground tissue system

49
Q

tissue system that functions in protection
-tissue types include epidermis and periderm

A

dermal tissue system

50
Q

tissue system that functions in transport
-tissue types include xylem and phloem

A

vascular tissue system

Botany 1 (7 decks)

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