Chapter 4 The Cell Flashcards
3 major parts of the cell
-Plasma Membrane (cell membrane)
-Cytoplasm contains(organelles)
-Nucleus
envelops the cell
Plasma Membrane or cell membrane
consists of functional subunits called organelles
& within a gel-like medium known as Cytosol
Cytoplasm
contains the DNA
nucleus
what are the cell parts?
-Plasma Membrane
-Cytoplasm( contains the cytosol & organelles)
-13 Organelles:
CCC,F,G,L,M,M,P,R,R,S,S
-Nucleus ( nuclear membrane, nucleolus, chromatin, nucleoplasm, nuclear pore)
PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER;
-provides a barrier by surrounding the cell
-regulates the movement of materials in and out of cell
-provides cellular communication
Plasma Membrane
thick gel-like fluid
-transports substances between organelles
Cytosol
formed bodies suspended within cytosol
Organelles
cylinder with 9 groups of microtubules, 2 in each cell
-forms the MITOTIC SPINDLE during cell division
Centriole
Long, Slender outward projections of plasma membrane
-PROPEL SUBSTANCES across a cell surface
Cilia
Long, Whiplike, outward projection
-Moves a SPERM
Flagellum
tiny outward folds
-Increase surface area for ABSORPTION
-provide a SENSORY DETECTION
Microvilli
spherical structures composed of RNA and proteins attached to the ER
-SYNTHESIZES POLYPEPTIDES
Ribosome
flattened sacs attached to ribosomes and continuous with the nuclear envelope
-SYNTHESIZES PROTEIN & SYNTHESIZES PLASMA MEMBRANE
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
branching, tube shaped sacs lacking ribosomes and continuous with rough ER
-SYNTHESIZES LIPIDS & STORES CALCIUM
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
disc shaped stacks, like PANCAKES
-SYNTHESIZES CARBOHYDRATES
-PACKAGES PRODUCTS into lysosomes
Golgi complex (Golgi Apparatus)
spherical or rod-shaped structure with an inner folded membrane
-SYNTHESIZES ATP thru AEROBIC RESPIRATION
Mitochondrion
small spherical structure formed from the Golgi Apparatus
-uses ENZYMES to breakdown GLYCOGEN into GLUCOSE within cells
Lysosome
small spherical structure formed in the ER
-uses ENZYMES to break down FATTY ACIDS & DETOXIFY ALCOHOL, drugs and free radicals
Peroxisome
rods of protein
-supports cell STRUCTURE, cell movement, contraction
Cytoskeleton
small spherical sac formed from Golgi complex
-EXOCYTOSIS
Secretory vesicle
large spherical structure often the center of the cell
Nucleus
-double membrane with large nuclear pores
_regulates movement of materials between cytoplasm and nucleoplasm
Nuclear Membrane
gel like within nucleus contains Chromatin and nucleoli
Nucleoplasm
small mass containing RNA and protein
-SYNTHESIZES RNA
Nucleolus
threadlike material composed of DNA and proteins
-contains the GENES that control protein synthesis
Chromatin
