Chapter 4 Test Flashcards
A trade dispute between Virginia and Maryland, as well as Shay’s Rebellion highlighted the weaknesses of this document.
Articles of Confederation
“Father of the Constitution”
James Madison
Published essays that defended the Constitution
The Federalist Papers
Appointed George Washington to lead the Continental Army
Second Continental Congress
A legislature made up of only one house
Unicameral
The formal document, written by Thomas Jefferson, which established the principles of government that justified colonies’ the break with England
Declaration of Independence
The formal approval process of a constitution, constitutional amendment, or treaty
Ratification
Where the delegates gathered to sign the official engrossed copy of the Constitution
Philadelphia, PA
Slaves counted as 3/5 of a person for purposes of representation in the house
Three-Fifths Compromise
Plan advocated a bicameral Congress, with the number of representatives based on state population or on the amount of revenue a state provided the national government
Virginia Plan
Unanimously elected to head the Constitutional Convention
George Washington
Home of George Washington
Mount Vernon
First signer of the Declaration of Independence
John Hancock
Plan that advocated a unicameral Congress maintaining the one-state one-vote principle of the Confederation
New Jersey Plan
Thought the Convention should have only amended the Articles of Confederation and the delegates went beyond their power when writing the Constitution
Anti-Federalists
Proposed making representation in the lower house based on state population, whereas representation in the Senate would be equal regardless of size
Great Compromise
Act of protest in which individuals withhold their business or support
Boycott
His writings in Second Treatise on Civil Government greatly influence the founding fathers
John Locke
Writer of The Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson
Poorly attended convention, only five stages sent representatives
Annapolis Convention
The first internal tax, on goods produced and consumed entirely within the colonies
Stamp act
Began May 25, 1787, lasted four months, and resulted in the signing of the Constitution
Constitutional Convention
Last state to ratify the Articles of Constitution
Maryland
King of England during the Revolutionary period
King George III
Led an uprising among farmers in Massachusetts who feared prison sentences for indebtness
Daniel Shay
Explain the Virginia plan and the New Jersey plan
Virginia Plan advocated a bicameral congress with the number of representatives based on statepopulation or amount of revenue the state provided the federal government. Election to the House would be by popular vote, with the House electing senators from nominees submitted by state legislatures.The legislature would have expanded powers, with Congress able to enforce laws over the states and elect both the chief executive and the national judiciary. The executive and judiciary branches could join together to veto congressional acts, but both houses of Congress could override their veto. The plan favored large states. The New Jersey Plan advocated strong state governments. The executive branchwould consist of several men chosen by the legislative branch and having no veto power. The legislative branch would consist of a unicameral congress that had the powers to tax and to regulate trade. The States would be represented equally in Congress, and this plan was favored by the small states.
Identify the catalytic events that shook colonial America and encouraged the independence movement
In 1760, the French and Indian War left England deeply in debt. The British Parliament wanted the colonies to help pay off those debts and therefore began introducing and imposing various taxes on the colonists. The colonists resented the presence of an army in their midst during peacetime and being forced to house and feed those soldiers. Also, George III ascended to the British throne and tried to reassert the political strength of the crown, which had been declining for more than a century. After years of neglect,all of this negative attention to the colonies was more than the colonists could bear as free men, and they began moving toward gaining their independence.
What law did the 1765 Stamp Act violate?
Petition of rights
For what two main reasons did people oppose ratification of the Constitution?
No Bill of Rights and too little power of states
What two factors allowed colonial self-government to grow during the colonial period?
British neglect and 3,000 miles between colonies
