Chapter 15

Question 1

This Supreme Court case established the “clear and present danger test” limitation on free speech

Answer 1

Schenk v. United States

Question 2

What rule was designed to prevent police from making illegal searches and seizures?

Answer 2

Exclusionary Rule

Question 3

Which Supreme Court case ruled that evidence gathered illegally is inadmissible in court?

Answer 3

Mapp v. Ohio

Question 4

This Supreme Court case forbade teacher-led prayers in public schools

Answer 4

Engel v. Vitale

Question 5

What term means speech that endangers national security?

Answer 5

Sedition

Question 6

Which Supreme Court case determined that defendants must be advised of their constitutional rights upon arrest?

Answer 6

Miranda v. Arizona

Question 7

Which Supreme Court case ruled that segregation in schools was unconstitutional?

Answer 7

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

Question 8

This Supreme Court case established the threefold test for scrutinizing church-state relations

Answer 8

Lemon v. Kurtzman

Question 9

In the Fifth Amendment, what term means the conducting of a fair and proper trial?

Answer 9

Due Process

Question 10

This Supreme Court case forbade the practice of polygamy

Answer 10

Reynolds v. United States

Question 11

On what grounds did the Nixon administration attempt to prevent the publication of the Pentagon Papers?

Answer 11

National Security

Question 12

This Supreme Court case ruled that flag burning is protected as symbolic speech

Answer 12

Texas v. Johnson

Question 13

What term means attempts to undermine the authority and existence of the government?

Answer 13

Subversion

Question 14

This Supreme Court case ruled that attacks on public officials are protected speech unless they are made with “reckless disregard” for the truth

Answer 14

New York Times v. Sullivan

Question 15

What term means laws that criminalize activities that were not crimes when they were committed?

Answer 15

Ex Post Facto Laws

Question 16

This Supreme Court case upheld the Smith Act, which made it illegal to advocate the violent overthrow of the government

Answer 16

Denis v. United States

Question 17

This Supreme Court case ruled that states are subject to the Second Amendment

Answer 17

McDonald v. Chicago

Question 18

This Supreme Court case upheld the right of individuals to possess firearms for self-defense in their homes

Answer 18

District of Columbia v. Heller

Question 19

This Supreme Court case ruled that the government does not necessarily have the right of prior restraint

Answer 19

New York Times Company v. United States

Question 20

Libel is any _______ communication that is malicious.

Answer 20

Written

Question 21

What amendment protects Americans from self-incrimination?

Answer 21

Fifth Amendment

Question 24

Describe the rights and responsibilities included in the Miranda rights statement

Answer 24

Right to remain silent
Right to have an attorney
Right to end police questioning whenever he chooses
If he chooses to speak it can be used against him

Question 25

Identify and explain the steps of the criminal justice process from arrest to sentencing

Answer 25

1. Arrest
2. Booking- the suspect is photographed and fingerprinted and his personal information is recorded
3. Initial Appearance- the accused meets with a magistrate within hours to hear the charges and be reminded of his rights to be considered
4. Preliminary Hearing- judge determines if there’s enough evidence to continue judicial process
5. Grand Jury- a grand jury hears evidence and decides whether to issue an indictment trial
6. Arraignment- accused appears in trial court and judge reads indictment trial
7. Trial
8. Sentencing (if guilty)- judge decides what punishment the convicted person will receive