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NETW-190 - Test 1 > Chapter 4 Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

A primary partition that is indicated in the partition table as the partitionto use when loading the rest of the operating system. If a basic disk has multiple primarypartitions, only one primary partition can be marked as active at a time. The primary partition?sboot sector is used to load the rest of the operating system.

A

active partition

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2
Q

An older, IBM-originated method used to organize disk space for x86 computersinto primary, extended, and logical partitions. Basic disk technology is supported by manylegacy operating systems and may be required in certain multiboot confi gurations.

A

basic disk

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3
Q

The partition or volume used to load the operating system from a hard disk.The system partition is processed before the boot partition. The boot partition can be the samepartition as the system partition.

A

boot partition

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4
Q

A term used to describe a special-purpose block of data on a disk or partitionessential to the boot process of an x86 computer. The computer?s BIOS will process the bootsector of the MBR initially to fi nd a partition to continue the boot process. The fi rst sector of that partition or volume contains a boot sector with code responsible for beginning theoperating system load process from a partition or volume.

A

boot sector

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5
Q

A unit of storage for reading and writing fi le data in a fi le system. The cluster size isdetermined when a partition or volume is fi rst formatted with a fi le system. Cluster size is basedon the sector size of a disk and the number of sectors used per cluster. Cluster sizes typicallyrange from 512 bytes to 64 KB.

A

cluster

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6
Q

The process of ordering data on the hard disk in a contiguous fashion tominimize the delays in reading or writing data. This attempts to minimize the mechanical delaycaused by having to move read/write mechanisms from one region of the disk to another.

A

defragmentation

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7
Q

An MMC console snap-in used to administer hard disks inWindows 7.

A

Disk Management console

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8
Q

A letter of the alphabet assigned to a formatted partition or volume as a referencepoint for future access by the user or their applications.

A

drive letter

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9
Q

A RAID 1 implementation that uses one hardware controller for the fi rst diskin a RAID 1 pair, and a second different hardware controller for the second RAID 1 disk. Thisincreases fault tolerance in the case where a disk controller fails instead of a single disk. IDEand SCSI implementations of RAID 1 would typically use one hardware controller to manageboth RAID 1 members. In this case the hardware controller would be a single point of failure.

A

duplexed mirror

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10
Q

A new method used to organize disk space into volumes. First introduced withWindows 2000, the dynamic disk method is seen as an improvement over basic disk technology.Not all operating systems support the dynamic disk method of organizing disk space. This mayrestrict multiboot confi gurations. Dynamic disk technology supports simple, spanned, striped,mirrored, and RAID 5 volumes. All dynamic disks in a computer are identifi ed with a groupmembership ID personalized for the computer they belong to. Volume information is stored in adatabase that is replicated to all other dynamic disks in the computer. The volume informationdatabase is stored in the last 1 MB of each disk.

A

dynamic disk

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11
Q

A standard initially created by Intel to replace the BIOS based computer fi rmware

A

Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI)

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12
Q

A reserved block of space on a basic disk. No more than one extended partition can exist on a single basic disk. Logical partitions are created within the extended partition. Extended partitions cannot be formatted with a fi le system directly.

A

extended partition

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13
Q

A fi le system used to organize fi les and folders in a partition or volume. A master File Allocation Table is used to indicate what fi les and folders exist within the fi le system. The FAT table entries point to the beginning cluster used to store a fi le?s data. The fi rst cluster points to the next cluster used to store the next part of the fi le?s data. The fi le?s data is stored in a chain of clusters, with the last cluster marked with an end-of-fi le identifi er. The FAT table stores the name and attributes of the fi les and folders on the disk, their starting cluster, and which clusters link to the next. The number of addressable clusters determines the size of the FAT table. The limit for how many addressable clusters exist is based on the size of the binary number used to address each cluster. The number of bits used for the cluster address distinguishes the different versions of FAT. The common versions of FAT include FAT16 and FAT32.

A

File Allocation Table (FAT)

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14
Q

See File Allocation Table.

A

FAT

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15
Q

A dynamic disk that is recognized as not belonging to the computer it is currently installed in. Until the disk is imported, to change its dynamic disk computer membership, the volumes it contains are not accessible.

A

Foreign Disk

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16
Q

A label that identifi es an item with a unique name or code that is used to tell it apart from similar items. Software typically uses a coded number or value to represent a unique identifi er.

A

GUID (Globally Unique Identifi er)

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17
Q

A disk partitioning style that allows more partitions and advanced partition information when compared to the older MBR style disk partition scheme. Desktop computers only use GPT in specialized and limited cases due to its limited applicability

A

GUID Partition Table (GPT)

18
Q

A reserved block of space on a basic disk. Logical partitions can only be created within an extended partition. As long as free space exists in an extended partition, a new logical partition can be created. Logical partitions can be formatted with a fi le system directly.

A

logical partition

19
Q

The Master Boot Record exists at the very fi rst sector of an IBMformatted hard disk. It contains code to start the load process for an operating system from a partition or volume on the disk, a partition table to indicate what space has been reserved as partitions, and a signature sequence of bytes used to identify the disk to the operating system. When the disk is used as a basic disk, the partition table is used to identify primary, extended, and logical partition types. When the disk is used as a dynamic disk, the partition table is fi lled with placeholder values and the volume information is actually held in a 1 MB dynamic volume database at the end of the drive.

A

Master Boot Record (MBR)

20
Q

A RAID 1 implementation using dynamic disks

A

mirrored volume

21
Q

An empty folder in an NTFS-formatted fi le system that is used to point to another FAT, FAT32, or NTFS partition.

A

mount point

22
Q

A fi le system introduced with Windows NT. NTFS supports advanced features to add reliability, security, and fl exibility that fi le systems such as FAT and FAT32 do not have.

A

New Technology File System (NTFS)

23
Q

See New Technology File System.

A

NTFS

24
Q

A data structure contained in the MBR that is used to identify reserved areas of disk space for hard disks formatted for x86 computers. The partition table holds a maximum of four entries originally tasked to point to a maximum of four primary partitions, or three primary and one extended partitions.

A

partition table

25
Q

A reserved region of disk space on a basic disk that is capable of loading an operating system. The fi rst sector of the primary partition is also known as a boot sector and stores the code for beginning the operating system load process from that primary partition.

A

primary partition

26
Q

A collection of disks that combine their storage capacity by striping data across all drives. Data is written in a fi xed block size, typically sized in KB, in a sequential fashion to each disk. The fi rst block of data for a fi le is written to the fi rst disk, the second block of data to the second disk, and so on until the last drive is reached. The next block of data starts over with the fi rst drive and the process continues with each subsequent block of data written to the next disk. This type of storage is not fault tolerant and the failure of a single disk will result in the loss of all fi le data. This type of storage will generally improve write and read performance when compared with a single disk. The number of disks that can be pooled this way is limited by the operating system or hardware controller used to pool the disks.

A

RAID 0

27
Q

Two disks are used to store a single copy of fi le data in a fault-tolerant fashion. An exact copy of the data is written to each disk. If one disk fails, the other copy allows continued operation. Performance is similar to a single disk where reads are generally faster and writes can be slower. Both disks can be on a single controller, which introduces a common point of failure. If the hardware used to control each disk is fully duplicated into independent channels, the system is referred to as a duplexed mirror.

A

RAID 1

28
Q

A collection of disks that combine their storage capacity by striping data and error-correcting parity information across all drives. The parity information is calculated from the data itself and can be used to identify and regenerate damaged or missing data. The data and parity information is striped in the same fashion as RAID 0 data. RAID 5 is fault tolerant in that a single disk in the collection may fail and the missing data can be calculated from the remaining data and parity information distributed across the remaining disks. A multiple disk failure will result in the loss of all data in the collection. The disks space cost for parity information is approximately the same as the size of disks space contributed from one disk member. For example, if fi ve 10 GB disks are collected into a single RAID 5 solution then the space of one disk, 10 GB, is consumed by parity information. The remainder of 40 GB is available for fi le storage. A minimum of three disks is required to build a RAID 5 solution.

A

RAID 5

29
Q

Also known as Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks. A standard reference to a collection of disks grouped to store data. The RAID level indicates the type of grouping and is indicated by a number following the term RAID. Common RAID levels are RAID 0 striped storage, RAID 1 mirrored storage, and RAID 5 striped storage with error-correcting information.

A

Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)

30
Q

A mass storage device that can be removed from the computer, either by powering down the computer fi rst or while the computer is running. This includes fl oppy disks, portable hard disks, and cartridge-based disk storage.

A

removable disk storage

31
Q

A single unit of storage for a hard disk that represents the smallest block of data that can be read or written to the disk. The typical hard disk sector size is 512 bytes.

A

sector

32
Q

A reserved area of space on a single dynamic disk. A simple volume can be formatted with a fi le system. The areas of space reserved for a simple volume do not have to be contiguous on the dynamic disk.

A

simple volume

33
Q

A reserved area of space combined from two or more dynamic disks. A spanned volume can be formatted with a fi le system. Files are written to each disk?s reserved area of space until that area is full. Additional fi le data is then written to the next available reserved area of space on the next disk that is part of the spanned volume. The capacity of the spanned volume is the total of all reserved areas of space from each disk that is a member of the spanned volume. Loss of a single disk that holds part of the spanned volume will result in the total loss of the volume.

A

spanned volume

34
Q

A RAID 0 implementation using dynamic disks.

A

striped volume

35
Q

The partition or volume used to initiate the boot sequence for a computer from a hard disk. The system partition is processed before the boot partition, which loads the remainder of the operating system. The system partition can be the same partition as the boot partition.

A

system partition

36
Q

An open standard that builds on the proprietary EFI standard started by Intel to replace the legacy BIOS fi rmware design.

A

Unifi ed Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI)

37
Q

Disk space that stores fi les and folders in a formatted fi le system. The disk space is not an actual physical device; it is actually stored in a single fi le. That fi le will have the extension ?.vhd?. Once the vhd fi le is created it can be attached, or opened for use. The operating system can use the space inside the fi le as if it was an actual disk device, but it is really a virtual disk. The vhd fi le itself is stored on a real physical device.

A

Virtual Hard Disk (VHD)

38
Q

A term used to refer to a region of disk space reserved to store fi le data. The term is used to generically refer to both dynamic disk volumes and basic disk partitions.

A

volume

39
Q

A generic term used to refer to Intel and AMD CPU processors capable of 64 bit operations that are compatible with the Windows operating system.

A

x64

40
Q

A generic term used to refer to computers based on Intel CPU processors. These CPUs include 8086, 80286, 80386, 80486, the Pentium family and Pentium compatible processors from other companies such as AMD

A

x86

NETW-190 - Test 1 (7 decks)

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