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NETW-190 - Test 1 > Chapter 1 Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

A domain security database of user and computer information that is stored on domain controllers and referenced by domain member computers. This database is stored on multi-master replicating domain controllers running Windows 2000 or Windows 2003 for an operating system. The older Windows NT domain controllers cannot hold _____ _____ security databases.

A

Active Directory (AD)

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2
Q

A visual effect that is part of the Aero theme of Windows 7. Many graphical elements have a semitransparent appearance to allow users to see other windows under the active one. This is done to allow the user a better feel for what other applications are doing in the background without being too distracting.

A

Aero Glass

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3
Q

A collection of tools, advice, and methodologies that guides the IT administrator in determining which legacy applications are compatible with Windows 7. It does not make those applications compatible; it merely helps the IT administrator use a structured method of testing and tracking compatibility information.

A

Application Compatibility Toolkit

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4
Q

A set of rules and conditions a programmer followswhen writing an application to allow the program to interact with part of the operating system.The program is guaranteed to work if they follow the ___ rules published by the authors of a feature in the operating system.

A

Application Programming Interface (API)

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5
Q

A specialized Windows NT server that is responsible for holding a read-only copy of the domain security database.

A

Backup DC (BDC)

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6
Q

An encryption method used to protect an entire hard disk. Without proper credentials a hard disk will remain encrypted, even if the disk is removed from the computer.

A

BitLocker Drive Encryption

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7
Q

A common term used to describe an error condition in the operating system that has resulted in a full halt of the operating system due to a critical error.The error screen is usually white text on a blue background, hence the name.

A

blue screen of death (BSOD)

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8
Q

A file system introduced with Windows 95 and Windows NT to organize files and folders on a CD-ROM disk. The CDFS file system is considered adequate for older CD-ROM disks but not for rewritable CD-ROMs or newer DVD media formats. For those newer media technologies, UDF is the preferred file system.

A

CD-ROM File System (CDFS)

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9
Q

A device responsible for the actual execution of instructions stored in applications and operating system code. Windows 7 supports 32- and 64-bit ____.

A

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

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10
Q

A method for applications to share the CPU. All applications rotate access to and do not monopolize the CPU. If an application does not release control of theCPU, the computer may appear stalled or other applications appear very sluggish.

A

cooperative multitasking

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11
Q

Software written by the developer of a hardware component that tells the operating system how to talk to and control the hardware.

A

device driver

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12
Q

A server responsible for holding a domain security database which contains a list of user and computer account security data.

A

Domain Controller (DC)

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13
Q

A standard service in the TCP/IP protocol used to define how computer names are translated into IP addresses.

A

Domain Name System (DNS)

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14
Q

A file that holds application code modules. These modules are shared among applications, so the file is also called a library. ___ files can be replaced to update an application without having to replace the entire application.

A

Dynamic Link Library files (DLLs)

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15
Q

A standard that defines how the monitor hardware can pass details about its abilities to the graphics card and ultimately the operating system. Details such as preferred refresh rate and screen resolution can be set by the monitor manufacturer and ____ will allow this information to be passed to the operating system. The operating system can use that information to configure the optimum view on the monitor without having to ask the user for those settings. This provides a simpler user-friendly experience when setting up new monitor hardware.

A

EDID (Extended Display Identification Data)

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16
Q

A component of the NTFS file system that is responsible for encrypting individual files. Those files are not readable without the correct digital identification.

A

Encrypted File System (EFS)

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17
Q

A standard for formatting data that is exchanged between applications. By using a standard, application developers do not have to write custom data translators for every product with which their applications share data.

A

eXtensible Markup Language (XML)

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18
Q

An older method of organizing files and folders in a hard diskpartition. Files are stored in blocks of data that point to each other in a chain-like structure.The blocks that are used in the partition and the link from one to another are stored in a mastertable called the FAT.

A

File Allocation Table (FAT)

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19
Q

A hardware component, similar to the CPU, that is added to video cards to calculate how to draw complex shapes on the screen. Because the ___ can perform the complex operations on its own, the CPU is free to work on other tasks.

A

Graphical Processing Unit (GPU)

20
Q

A legacy method of determining if hardware is compatiblewith the operating system. This has been replaced by the Windows Catalog and the WindowsMarketplace Web site.

A

Hardware Compatibility List (HCL)

21
Q

A technique used in certain Intel processors to improve their overall performance by working on more than one thread at a time. When one thread is waiting for anoperation to complete a second thread can use some of the processor’s hardware instead of the processor just idling. This extra work is done inside the processor’s hardware and is specific to the design of the processor itself. Programmers writing application threads and the operating system that schedules those threads to run must be aware of the benefits and limits of the _____-_____ processor to take best advantage of any performance gain that might be possible.

A

Hyper-Threading

22
Q

An access mode for applications while they are running on the CPU that allowsfull access to all hardware devices and memory in the computer.

A

kernel mode

23
Q

When a domain has multiple domain controllers, all domaincontrollers are capable of making changes to the security domain database they share. Thechanges are replicated from one domain controller to another.

A

multi-master replication

24
Q

A term used to refer to a computer with more than one CPU.

A

multiprocessor

25
Q

A term used to describe the appearance of more than one application sharing the CPU of the computer. To the user, the applications all seem to be running at the same time.

A

multitasking

26
Q

A service that allows applications to track thestate of the network connections available to the computer. An application can track how muchdata can be sent over a connection, if it is available, or if new connections appear. Based on thisinformation, the application can modify its attempts to communicate over the network.

A

Network Location Awareness Service (NLA)

27
Q

A standard for organizing fi les and folders on a hard disk partition.This standard is more complex than FAT but adds more management features. This is thepreferred standard for storing fi les on a hard disk.

A

NT File System (NTFS)

28
Q

A general term used to describe hardware that can be plugged into the computer system and removed at any time. The computer will recognize the hardwaredynamically, load a device driver for it, and make it available to the user in a short period oftime.

A

Plug and Play technology

29
Q

A method for applications to share a CPU and appear that they areall running at the same time. This method adds time limits and priority levels to determine howlong an application can use the processor and which application gets to go next. An applicationcan also be preempted by another application if it has a higher priority level.

A

preemptive multitasking

30
Q

A specialized Windows NT server that is responsible for holding a writeablecopy of the domain security database.

A

Primary DC (PDC)

31
Q

A term used to describe the files, memory, and application code that combine together to form a single running application. Each application running on a multitasking system isreferenced by a single _______.

A

process

32
Q

A standard in which a process that starts in a computer with more than oneCPU is usually assigned to that CPU again the next time it runs.

A

processor affinity

33
Q

The amount of time allocated to a program running in a preemptive multitasking environment. Once a program’s _______ has expired, it must wait for the next available _______.

A

quantum

34
Q

A Web-based service used on the Internet to distributeupdates about new content, articles, and news on Web sites and provide links to those sites.A user can subscribe to a particular feed or type of update to stay up to date and informed onthe latest content available in an area or site that interests them.

A

Really Simple Syndication (RSS)

35
Q

A security level in the CPU that is used to determine a program’s degree of access to memory and hardware. The ____ ______ are used to set user and kernel mode access in the operating system.

A

ring level

36
Q

An option when purchasing Microsoft software that allows you to automatically receive the latest version of a product. For example, if you purchased WindowsXP with ________ _________ you would automatically be able to upgrade to Windows 7.

A

Software Assurance (SA)

37
Q

A tool provided in Windows 7 to help users determine why theircomputer failed and what they should do to repair it.

A

Startup Repair Tool

38
Q

A piece of code that performs a specific single task. An application is written as one or more _______, each of which performs a specific task within the application. The ______ is typically seen as a unit of work for the CPU to perform.

A

thread

39
Q

A third-party standard to defi ne a method of trusting thecomputer environment before an operating system is started. This helps to prevent the theft of ahard disk and placement of the disk in a foreign system to steal data.

A

Trusted Platform Module (TPM)

40
Q

A third-party standard that defi nes how data is stored onremovable media such as DVD disks.

A

Universal Disk Format (UDF)

41
Q

An access mode for applications while they are running on the CPU that allowsrestricted access to all hardware devices and memory in the computer. This mode makes itdiffi cult for the running application to corrupt and crash the operating system. System-levelapplications may need more access than is allowed and must use kernel mode instead.

A

user mode

42
Q

A standard API for writing device drivers that arecompatible with the newer graphical subsystem that is part of Windows 7.

A

Windows Display Driver Model (WDDM)

43
Q

A standard for writing device drivers that interact withWindows 7. This standard replaces WDM and adds new features such as support for user modedevice drivers.

A

Windows Driver Foundation (WDF)

44
Q

An older standard for writing device drivers that interact withWindows. Device drivers that use this standard are still supported, but should be replaced withdrivers that use the new WDF architecture.

A

Windows Driver Model (WDM)

45
Q

A service provided by Microsoft to hardwaredevelopers and vendors to test their hardware with different versions of Windows. This testingonly validates that a device works with Windows; it does not compare devices.

A

Windows Hardware Quality Labs (WHQL)

46
Q

A format to store images of applications and operatingsystems in image fi les. These images represent customized installations that can be distributed toother computers and installed using a scripted solution.

A

Windows Imaging Format (WIM)

NETW-190 - Test 1 (7 decks)

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