Chapter 4 Study Guide P2

Question 0

How do the two types of sweat glands differ from each other? Eccrine glands

Answer 0

• Found all over the body
• Produce sweat
• Nerve endings cause them to secrete sweat when external or body temperature is high

Question 1

What is the dermis made of?

Answer 1

Papillary and reticular areas

Question 2

How do the two types of sweat glands differ? Apocrine glands

Answer 2

• armpit and genital area
• secretions empty to hair follicles
• activated by emotions
• secretions contain fatty acids and proteins

Question 3

Describe the cutaneous membrane

Answer 3

• skin
• keratinizing squamous epithelium
• dry membrane

Question 4

Describe the mucous membranes

Answer 4

• lines all body cavities open to exterior
• wet membranes
• adapted for absorption and secretion

Question 5

Describe serous membranes

Answer 5

• lines body cavities closed to exterior
• occur in pairs (parietal and visceral layer)
• separated by serous fluid

Question 6

Describe the structure and function of the synovial membrane

Answer 6

• Membranes line the fibrous capsules surrounding joints and tendon sheaths
• Cushion organs moving against each other

Question 7

What is the function of the integumentary system?

Answer 7

• to protect from mechanical, bacterial, chemical, and thermal damage, uv radiation, and desiccation.
• Aids in body heat loss or retention
• Aids in excretion of urea and Uric acid
• Synthesizes vitamin d

Question 8

Describe the structure of the skin

Answer 8

1. Epidermis = stratified squamous epithelium that is capable of keratinizing
2. Dermis = mostly dense connective tissue
3. Subcutaneous Tissue= anchors skin to underlying organs

Question 9

What is the epidermis made of?

Answer 9

1. Stratum Basale
2. Stratum spinosum
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum lucidum
5. Stratum corneum

Question 10

Describe the Stratum Basale

Answer 10

• Cells are actively dividing stem cells

- Newly formed cells become part of the more superficial layers

Question 11

Describe the Stratum Spinosum

Answer 11

-Cells contain thick bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin

Question 12

Describe the Stratum Granulosum

Answer 12

• Cells are flattened
• Organelles are deteriorating
• Cytoplasm is full of granules

Question 13

Describe the stratum lucidum

Answer 13

• not present in all regions
• Helps body handle friction
• Helps make skin water proof

Question 14

Describe the Stratum Corneum

Answer 14

• Cells are dead

- Glycolipids are in extracellular space

Question 15

Why is melanin important to the skin?

Answer 15

The melanin forms a pigment umbrella over the superficial side of the nuclei and shields the genetic material from the damaging effects of UV radiation

Question 16

What are he epidermal dendritic cells?

Answer 16

Alert and activate the immune system cells to threats of bacterial and viral invasion

Question 17

What are Merkel cells?

Answer 17

Associated with sensory nerve endings and serve as touch receptors called Merkel discs

Question 18

Describe the dermis

Answer 18

The dermal papillae are extensions of the superficial papillary layer. The deeper reticular layer is dense irregular fibrous connective tissue

Question 19

What three factors determine skin color?

Answer 19

1. Amount and kind of melanin
2. Amount of carotene in subcutaneous tissue and corneum
3. Amount of oxygen rich hemoglobin in the dermal blood vessels

Question 20

Name the different skin appendages

Answer 20

Cutaneous glands, hair and hair follicles, and nails

Question 21

What are cutaneous glands?

Answer 21

All exocrine glands that release their secretions to the skin surface via ducts

Question 22

Describe sebaceous glands

Answer 22

• Formed all over the body except for the palms of hands and the soles of feet
• Ducts empty into the hair follicle and some go directly to the skin surface

Question 23

Describe sweat glands

Answer 23

• Sudiferous glands

- Eccrine and Apocrine glands

Question 24

Describe hair

Answer 24

A hair, produced by a hair follicle, is a flexible epithelial structure

Question 25

Athletes foot

Answer 25

Itchy, red, and peeling between the toes

Question 26

Boils and carbuncles

Answer 26

Inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands

Question 27

Cold sores

Answer 27

Fluid-filled blisters that itch and sting caused by herpes simplex infection

Question 28

Contact dermatitis

Answer 28

Itching, redness, and swelling of the skin, progressing to blistering. Caused by exposure to chemicals

Question 29

Impetigo

Answer 29

Pink, water-filled, raised lesions that develop yellow crust and eventually rupture

Question 30

Psoriasis

Answer 30

Chronic condition characterized by over production of skin cells causing reddened epidermal lesions covered with dry silvery scales that itch, burn, and sometimes bleed

Question 31

Describe what type of cell each type of cancer affects

Answer 31

Basal cell carcinoma: cells of stratum basale
Squamous cell carcinoma: stratum spinosum
Malignant Melanoma: melanin

Question 32

What is a blackhead?

Answer 32

Oxidized accumulated material in a sebaceous gland

Question 33

What are arrector pili? What do they do?

Answer 33

Small bands of smooth muscle cells. They connect to each end of the hair follicle to the dermal tissue

Question 34

Name two categories of skin secretions and the glands that produce them

Answer 34

Sebaceous (sweat)

Sweat (eccrine and apocrine)