Chapter 4 Study Guide: Cell Processes and Energy

Question 0

An organism that makes it own food

Answer 0

Autotroph

Question 1

The process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food

Answer 1

Photosynthesis

Question 2

An organism that can’t make it own food

Answer 2

Heterotroph

Question 3

A colored chemical compound that absorbs light and can be used to color other materials

Answer 3

Pigment

Question 4

The main photosynthetic pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria

Answer 4

Chlorophyll

Question 5

Small openings on a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move

Answer 5

Stomata

Question 6

The process by which cells break down simple food molecules such as glucose to release the energy they contain

Answer 6

Respiration

Question 7

The process by which cells break down molecules to release energy without using oxygen

Answer 7

Fermentation

Question 8

The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo

Answer 8

Cell Cycle

Question 9

The stage of the cell cycle that takes place before cell division occurs

Answer 9

Interphase

Question 10

The process by which a cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus

Answer 10

Replication

Question 11

The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus divides into 2 nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed into each daughter cell

Answer 11

Mitosis

Question 12

A doubled rod of condensed chromatin

Answer 12

Chromosome

Question 13

The final stage of the cell cycle, in which the cell’s cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the 2 new cells

Answer 13

Cytokinesis

Question 14

The process by which cells change in structure and become capable of carrying out specialized functions

Answer 14

Differentiation

Question 15

A cell that can differentiate throughout life

Answer 15

Stem Cell

Question 16

The genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring

Answer 16

DNA

Question 17

A subunit of DNA

Answer 17

Nucleotide

Question 18

Cell without a nucleus

Answer 18

Prokaryotic

Question 19

A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form 2 identical cells

Answer 19

Binary Fission

Question 20

Requires oxygen

Answer 20

Aerobic Respiration

Question 21

Doesn’t require oxygen

Answer 21

Anaerobic Respiration

Question 22

One type of fermentation that occurs when yeast & some other single-celled organisms break down sugars

Answer 22

Alcoholic Fermentation

Question 23

Another type of fermentation takes place at times in your body

Answer 23

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Question 24

The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food

Answer 24

Cellular Respiration

Question 25

Eats only plants

Answer 25

Herbivore

Question 26

Eats only animals

Answer 26

Carnivore

Question 27

Eats both plants and animals

Answer 27

Omnivore

Question 28

A cell plate forms in the middle and becomes a new cell wall

Answer 28

Plant Cell

Question 29

A type of cell that dominates most of the tissue cells in animals

Answer 29

Animal Cell

Question 30

The copies of chromosomes

Answer 30

Chromatid

Question 31

The region where the chromatids are held together

Answer 31

Centromere