Chapter 3 Study Guide: Cell Structure and Function

Question 0

a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things

Answer 0

Cell Theory

Question 1

Form the parts of an organism an carry out an organisms processes

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

Single-celled organisms that include bacteria the most numerous organisms on earth

Answer 2

Unicellular

Question 3

Composed of many cells

Answer 3

Multicellular

Question 4

a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function

Answer 4

Tissue

Question 5

Your brain, made up of different kinds of tissues that work together

Answer 5

Organ

Question 6

a group of organisms that work together to perform a major function

Answer 6

Organ System

Question 7

structures inside cells that perform specific functions

Answer 7

Organelle

Question 8

rigid layer made of cellulose that protects and supports plant cells

Answer 8

Cell Wall

Question 9

a web of proteins that provides structure for the cell and helps with moving objects within animal cells

Answer 9

Cytoskeleton

Question 10

Outside cell boundary that controls which substances enter & leave the cell

Answer 10

Cell Membrane

Question 11

makes ribosomes

Answer 11

Nucleolus

Question 12

when 2 or more elements combine chemically

Answer 12

Compound

Question 13

any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

Answer 13

Element

Question 14

compounds that do not contain carbon

Answer 14

Inorganic Compound

Question 15

any compounds that contains carbon

Answer 15

Organic Compound

Question 16

a solid that stores energy in animals

Answer 16

Fats

Question 17

Liquids that stores energy in plants

Answer 17

Oils

Question 18

form cell membranes

Answer 18

Phospholipids

Question 19

the genetic material that carries information about an organism

Answer 19

DNA

Question 20

found in the cytoplasm as well as the nucleus

Answer 20

RNA

Question 21

the movement of dissolved materials through a cell membrane w/o using cellular energy

Answer 21

Passive Transport

Question 22

some substances that can pass through the membrane

Answer 22

Selectively Permeable

Question 23

the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration

Answer 23

Diffusion

Question 24

the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 24

Osmosis

Question 25

The movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy

Answer 25

Active Transport

Question 26

move specific substances against the concentration gradient

Answer 26

Transport Proteins

Question 27

cell surrounds the particle & encloses it

Answer 27

Transport by engulfing

Question 28

the larger the cell, the longer it takes for molecules to reach the center of the cell

Answer 28

Cell Size

Question 29

what it is made of and how it is put together

Answer 29

Structure

Question 30

a process that enables an organism to survive

Answer 30

Function

Question 31

directs all the cells activities

Answer 31

Nucleus

Question 32

clear, thick, gel-like fluid between the cell membrane and the nucleus

Answer 32

Cytoplasm

Question 33

convert glucose to ATP through cellular respiration

Answer 33

Mitochondria

Question 34

a system of folded membranes where proteins, lipids, and orher materials are made

Answer 34

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 35

a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins

Answer 35

Ribosomes

Question 36

the cell's mail room

Answer 36

Golgi Body

Question 37

Have green organelles

Answer 37

Chloroplasts

Question 38

a large, water-filled sac

Answer 38

Vacuole

Question 39

small, round structures containing chemicals that break down certain materials in the cell

Answer 39

Lysosomes

Question 40

cells can become specialized to perform specific functions

Answer 40

Cell Diversity

Question 41

has no ribosomes

Answer 41

Smooth ER

Question 42

has ribosomes

Answer 42

Rough ER

Question 43

Membrane that surrounds the nucleus

Answer 43

Nuclear Envelope

Question 44

threads of DNA

Answer 44

Chromatin

Question 45

storage for water and nutrients in plant cells

Answer 45

Large Central Vacuole

Question 46

an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Answer 46

Carbohydrate

Question 47

are energy-rich organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Answer 47

Lipids

Question 48

large organic molecules that are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and in some cases, sulfur

Answer 48

Proteins

Question 49

protein molecules that are made up of smaller molecules

Answer 49

Amino acids

Question 50

A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing

Answer 50

Enzyme

Question 51

very long organic molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

Answer 51

Nucleic Acids