Chapter 12 Study Guide: Structure and Function of Vetebrates

Question 1

vertebrates like the ancient jawless fish

Answer 1

chordate

Question 2

a flexible rod that supports a chordate’s back

Answer 2

notochord

Question 3

many similar bones that the backbone is formed by

Answer 3

vertebra

Question 4

an animal whose body does not produce much internal heat

Answer 4

ectotherm

Question 5

an animal whose body regulates its own temperature by controlling the internal heat it produces

Answer 5

endotherm

Question 6

a vertebrate that lives in water and uses fins to move

Answer 6

fish

Question 7

a tissue that is more flexible than bone

Answer 7

cartilage

Question 8

an internal, gas-filled sac that helps the fish stay stable at different depths in water

Answer 8

swim bladder

Question 9

a vertebrate that is ectothermic and spends its early life in water

Answer 9

amphibian

Question 10

the larva of a frog or a toad

Answer 10

tadpole

Question 11

organs of air-breathing vertebrates in which oxygen moves from the air into the blood

Answer 11

lung

Question 12

the two upper chambers of the heart

Answer 12

atrium

Question 13

the lower chamber which pumps blood out to the lungs and body

Answer 13

ventricle

Question 14

the environment in which an animal lives

Answer 14

habitat

Question 15

an ectothermic vertebrate that has lungs and scaly skin

Answer 15

reptile

Question 16

organs that filter wastes from the blood

Answer 16

kidney

Question 17

a watery fluid that wastes are excreted into

Answer 17

urine

Question 18

an egg with a shell and internal membranes that keep the embryo moist

Answer 18

amniotic egg

Question 19

an endothermic vertebrate that lays eggs and has feathers and a four-chambered heart

Answer 19

bird

Question 20

one of the large feathers that give shape to a birds body

Answer 20

contour feather

Question 21

feathers that trap heat and keep the bird warm

Answer 21

down feather

Question 22

an internal storage tank for storing food inside the body after swallowing it

Answer 22

crop

Question 23

a thick-walled, muscular part of the stomach

Answer 23

gizzard

Question 24

a group of vertebrates

Answer 24

mammal

Question 25

organs that produce milk

Answer 25

mammary gland

Question 26

a large muscle located beneath the ribs

Answer 26

diaghragm

Question 27

egg-laying mammals

Answer 27

monotreme

Question 28

mammals whose young are born at an early stage of development and they usually continue to develop in a pouch on their mother’s body

Answer 28

marsupial

Question 29

the length of time between fertilization and birth

Answer 29

gestation period

Question 30

develops inside its mothers body until its body systems can function independently

Answer 30

placental mammal

Question 31

an organ in pregnant female mammals that passes materials between the mother and the developing embryo

Answer 31

placenta