Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology 353: Human Sexuality > Chapter 4: Sexual Arousal and Response > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Sexual Arousal and Response Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Masters and Johnson (1966) found that the physiological responses of males and females to sexual stimulation (via intercourse, masturbation, or other sources) are

A

Quite alike

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sexual response cycle

A

The sequence of changes in the body that take place as males and females become progressively more aroused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Masters and Johnson’s (1966) four phases of the sexual response cycle consist of

A

excitement,
plateau,
orgasm,
resolution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Both males and females experience ______ and _____ early in the response cycle.

A

vasocongestion and myotonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vasocongestion

A

is swelling of the genital tissues with blood, which causes erection of the penis and engorgement of the area surrounding the vaginal opening. The testes, nipples, and even earlobes become engorged as blood vessels in these areas dilate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Myotonia

A

is muscle tension. It causes voluntary and involuntary muscle contractions, which produce facial grimaces, spasms in the hands and feet, and eventually, the spasms of orgasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Excitement face

A

First phase of the sexual response cycle, characterized by erection in the male, vaginal lubrication in the female, and muscle tension and increased heart rate in both men and women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In younger males, vasocongestion during the excitement phase produces penile erection as early as ________ after stimulation begins.

A

3-8 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In females, vaginal lubrication may start ___________seconds after stimulation begins.

A

10-30 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vasocongestion swells the clitoris, flattens and spreads the labia majora apart, and increases the size of the labia minora.
The inner two thirds of the vagina expands. The vaginal walls thicken and, because of the inflow of blood, turn from their normal pink to a deeper hue.
The uterus becomes engorged and elevated. The breasts enlarge, and blood vessels near the surface become more prominent.

A

Kinky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sex flush

A

A reddish rash that appears on the chest or breasts late in the excitement phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The gender of the actor was far more important for men than for women

A

whereas level of sexual activity was more important for women than for men.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Plateau phase

A

The second phase of the sexual response cycle, characterized by increased vasocongestion, muscle tension, heart rate, and blood pressure, in the preparation of orgasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Orgasmic platform

A

Thickening on the walls of the outer one third of the vagina (due to vasocongestion) during the plateau phase of the sexual response cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sex skin

A

The reddened skin of the labia minora during the plateau phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

About one male in four—and about three females in four—shows a sex flush, which often appears in the ____

A

plateau phase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Myotonia may cause facial grimaces and spasmodic contractions in the hands and feet. Breathing becomes rapid, similar to panting, and the heart rate may increase to _______ Blood pressure continues to rise. The increase in heart rate is usually less dramatic with masturbation than during partnered sexual activity.

A

100-160 BPM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The orgasmic phase in the male consists of two stages of muscular contraction.

A

In the first stage, contractions of the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct, and prostate gland cause seminal fluid to collect in the urethral bulb at the base of the penisIn the first stage, contractions of the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct, and prostate gland cause seminal fluid to collect in the urethral bulb at the base of the penis

In the second stage, the external sphincter of the bladder relaxes, allowing the passage of semen.
Contractions of muscles surrounding the urethra, the urethral bulb, and the base of the penis propel the ejaculate through the urethra and out of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Male orgasm

A

The first three to four contractions are generally most intense, occurring at 0.8-second intervals (five contractions every four seconds). Another two to four contractions occur at a somewhat slower pace. Rates and patterns vary somewhat from man to man.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Female orgasm

A

Orgasm in the female is manifested by 3 to 15 contractions of the pelvic muscles that surround the vaginal barrel. The contractions first occur at 0.8-second intervals, producing, as in the male, a release of sexual tension. Another three to six weaker, slower contractions follow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Male and female orgasm

A

In both genders, muscles throughout the body go into spasm. Blood pressure and heart rate peak, with the heart beating up to 180 times per minute. Respiration may increase to 40 breaths per minute.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sexual concordance

A

refers to the degree to which actual genital response and self-reported sexual arousal correspond with each other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

resolution phase

A

The fourth phase of the sexual response cycle, during which the body gradually returns to its pre-aroused state (post orgasm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Following ejaculation, the man loses his erection in two stages:

A

The first occurs within about a minute: The erection loses half of its volume as blood from the corpora cavernosa empties into other parts of the body.

The second stage occurs over several minutes: The remaining tumescence subsides as the corpus spongiosum empties, the testes and scrotum return to normal size, and the scrotum regains its wrinkled appearance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

In both males and females, most muscle tension (myotonia) tends to dissipate within ____ after orgasm.

Blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration may also return to pre-arousal levels within a few minutes. About 30% to 40% of men and women find their palms, soles, or entire bodies covered with a sheen of perspiration. Both males and females may feel relaxed and satiated.

A

5 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Refractory period

A

The time following a response (e/g orgasm) when an individual no longer responds to stimulation

Only occurs in men after orgasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Kaplan developed a three-stage model consisting of

A

desire, excitement, and orgasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Kaplan Vs Basson (f-f-f-fight)

A

While Kaplan’s model assumes that the process of female sexual response begins with desire, Basson’s model suggests that, for many women, the process does not necessarily begin with feelings of desire but rather with feelings of intimacy with their partners.

Basson argues that many women in longer-term relationships are motivated to respond to sexual stimuli if they feel that becoming sexually involved will enhance that intimacy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Kaplan’s model sees sex as

A

This model allows for the possibility that arousal may precede sexual desire, and that arousal may not lead to orgasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Between Masters and Johnson, Kaplan, and Basson which one is correct?

A

Interestingly, almost equal proportions of women endorsed each of the three models as best reflecting their own patterns of sexual response. This suggests that none of the models uniformly captures the sexual response patterns of all women.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Multiple orgasms

A

One or more additional orgasms following the first, occurring within a short period of time and before the body has returned to its pre-plateau level of arousal

  • 14% of his female respondents regularly had
  • some women experienced 20 or more consecutive orgasms by masturbating.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Vibrators

A

The women reported that the orgasms they experienced with vibrators were more intense than other kinds.
Two thirds of those who used vibrators did so in conjunction with sexual activity with their partners.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Dry orgasms

A

Some males have two or more orgasms without ejaculation (“dry orgasms”) before a final ejaculatory orgasm. These males may not enter a refractory period following their initial dry orgasms, and may therefore be able to maintain stimulation at near-peak levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

two types of female orgasm, as proposed by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud:

A

the clitoral orgasm and the vaginal orgasm.

-this theory is WRONG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

aphrodisiac

A

is a substance that arouses or increases one’s capacity for sexual desire or response. (but could be related to Placebo Effect)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Amyl nitrate (in the form of “snappers” or “poppers”) is sometimes used in the belief that it:

A

heightens sensations of arousal and orgasm. Poppers dilate blood vessels in the brain and genitals, producing sensations of warmth in the pelvis and possibly facilitating erection and prolonging orgasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The drug Addyi (flibanserin) has been dubbed the “female Viagra”

A

It doesn’t directly facilitate sexual arousal in women but appears to work on the appetitive phase of arousal—that is, sexual desire.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Wellbutrin

A

It doesn’t directly facilitate sexual arousal in women but appears to work on the appetitive phase of arousal—that is, sexual desire.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Anaphrodisiacs

A

Antagonists to sexual arousal or sexual desire

  • saltpetre (potassium nitrate)
  • Tranquilizers and central nervous system depressants such as barbiturates can lessen sexual desire and impair sexual performance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Nicotine, the stimulant in tobacco smoke,

A

constricts the blood vessels. It can therefore impede sexual arousal, by reducing the capacity of the genitals to become engorged with blood. Several studies have shown that smoking can reduce men’s ability to have erections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Antiandrogen

A

A drug that reduces the levels of androgen in the blood system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Alcohol

A

Small amounts of alcohol are stimulating, at least in part because alcohol stimulates release of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which in turn stimulates the reward system in the brain

However, large amounts of alcohol curb sexual response. This fact should not be surprising because alcohol is a depressant; it reduces central nervous system activity. Large amounts of alcohol can severely impair sexual performance in both men and women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Binge drinking

A

Binge drinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Marijuana (weed)

A

(1) marijuana facilitates sexual desire and heightens sexual pleasure among some women; (2) marijuana can facilitate sexual desire and pleasure among men but may hinder erectile functioning; and (3) the effects of marijuana use on both female and male sexuality are dose dependent. That is, smoking a moderate amount of marijuana may have a positive effect on sexual desire and pleasure, but consuming a large amount may have the opposite effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Stimulants

A

Stimulants such as amphetamines (“speed,” “uppers,” “bennies,” “dexies”) are reputed to heighten arousal and sensations of orgasm

Crystal methamphetamine (“crystal meth” or “ice”) is used as an aphrodisiac, boosting sexual arousal and lowering sexual inhibitions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Cocaine

A

There is evidence that cocaine enhances sexual arousal in both males and females, in part by increasing levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Erogenous zones

A

parts of the body that are especially sensitive to tactile sexual stimulation—to strokes and other caresses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Primary erogenous zones

A

Are erotically sensitive because they are richly endowed with nerve endings.

  • include the genitals; the inner thighs, perineum, buttocks, and anus; the breasts (especially the nipples); the ears (particularly the earlobes); the mouth, lips, and tongue; the neck; the navel; and, yes, the armpits.
  • Brain is the primary sexual organ as you can orgasm by thinking about it
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Secondary erogenous zones

A

become erotically sensitized through experience.
-become eroticized through association with sexual stimulation (rubbing ones shoulders as that may occur while in the sex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Parts of the brain—particularly the _____ and the _____—play key roles in sexual functioning

A

cerebral cortex

limbic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

cerebral cortex

A

Cells in the cerebral cortex fire (transmit messages) when we experience sexual thoughts, images, wishes, and fantasies. These cells interpret sensory information as sexual turn-ons or turn-offs.

-provides the conscious sense of self. The cortex judges sexual behaviour as proper or improper, moral or immoral, relaxing or anxiety- or guilt-provoking.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

limbic system

A

destruction of areas of the limbic system triggered persistent sexual behaviours that included masturbation and male–female and male–male mounting attempts.
-Stimulation of certain areas in the thalamus and hypothalamus may induce ejaculation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

hypothalamus

A

Research with electrical probes has suggested that “pleasure centres” may exist in and near the hypothalamus in other animals and perhaps even in people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Male and female sexual arousal (Robin Milhausen 2004)

A

Both women and men in her study reported that sexual arousal could be enhanced by their partners’ positive characteristics (e.g., sense of humour, self-confidence, and ability to make them feel desirable), sex that was varied (e.g., different activities and different settings), and anticipation of sexual encounters.

Both sexes also agreed that sexual arousal could be inhibited by a partner’s self-consciousness about his or her body, a feeling of giving more than receiving (e.g., always being the one to initiate sex), and worries about various issues (e.g., reputation, STIs, and having to use condoms).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Female arousal (Robin Milhausen 2004)

A

Women were more inhibited than men about possible sexual violence and exploitation, fear that they weren’t good lovers, and fear that they were taking too long to become aroused and/or not having orgasms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Male arousal (Robin Milhausen 2004)

A

Men were more aroused than women by specific sexual stimuli (e.g., seeing their partners’ naked bodies, “talking dirty,” seeing their partners in sexy outfits, watching erotic films, and quickly advancing to the genitals when starting to have sex).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Hormones

A

chemical substances secreted by the ductless glands of the endocrine system and discharged directly into the bloodstream.
-regulate various bodily functions, including growth and resistance to stress, as well as sexual functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

The hypothalamus and pituitary gland

A

regulate gonadal secretion of sex hormones, specifically testosterone in males and estrogen and progesterone in females.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Male secondary sex characteristics

A

include lengthening of the vocal cords (and consequent lowering of the voice) and growth of facial and pubic hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Female secondary sex characteristics

A

In females, they include rounding of the breasts and hips with fatty tissue, and growth of pubic hair.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Sex hormones have _______ and ______ effects on behaviour.

A

Organizing
Activating

  • they influence the type of behaviour that’s expressed (an organizing effect)
  • they influence the frequency or intensity of the drive that motivates the behaviour and the ability to perform the behaviour (activating effects)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

A disappearance of ________ will stop all sexual behaviours, but injecting this back into a male will resume regular sexual behaviors (such as mounting)

A

testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

_______ activates the sex drives of both men and women

A

testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Male ________ are known to influence the sex drive and sexual response in men

A

sex hormones

65
Q

Surgical castration

A

(removal of the testes)

  • sometimes performed as a medical treatment for cancer of the prostate or other diseases of the male reproductive tract, such as genital tuberculosis.
  • And some convicted sex offenders have voluntarily undergone castration as a condition of release.
66
Q

men who are surgically or chemically castrated usually exhibit a

A
  • gradual decrease in incidence of sexual fantasies and sexual desire
  • however, some continue to experience sexual desire and are able to function sexually for years, even decades.
67
Q

sexually inexperienced before castration

A

show relatively little or no interest in sex later

68
Q

show relatively little or no interest in sex later

A

show a more gradual decline in sexual activity afterward

69
Q

Hypogonadism

A

a condition marked by abnormally low levels of testosterone production.

70
Q

Hypogonadal men

A

generally experience loss of sexual desire and a decline in sexual activity
-are capable of erection, at least for a while, even though their sex drives may wane

71
Q

Testosterone levels among teenaged boys

A

predicted sexual interest, masturbation rates, and likelihood of engaging in sexual intercourse

72
Q

Antiandrogens

A

A drug that reduces the levels of androgen in the blood system

73
Q

Opposite sex hormones in the genders

A

Men and women produce small amounts of the sex hormones of the other sex

  • Men and women produce small amounts of the sex hormones of the other sex
  • The ovaries produce small amounts of androgens but much larger amounts of the female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone.
  • The ovaries produce small amounts of androgens but much larger amounts of the female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone.
74
Q

Estrogen and progesterone

A

The female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone play prominent roles in promoting the changes that occur during puberty and in regulating the menstrual cycle

75
Q

Female sex hormones do not, however, appear to play a direct role in determining sexual motivation or response in human females.

A

IMPORTANT

76
Q

estrus

A
77
Q

There is some evidence, however, that sexual responsiveness in women is influenced by the presence of circulating ____, or male sex hormones, in their bodies.

A

androgens

78
Q

Ovariectomy

A

Surgical removal of the ovaries

  • which are sometimes carried out when a hysterectomy is performed, no longer produce female sex hormones
  • Nevertheless, they may continue to experience sex drives and interest as before
79
Q

estradiol

A

Loss of this may cause vaginal dryness and make sexual activity painful, but does not reduce sexual desire

80
Q

However, women whose ____ and ______ have been removed, so that they no longer produce androgens, gradually lose sexual desire

A

Adrenal Glands

Ovaries

81
Q

Androgens apparently affect sexual desire in both sexes, but sexual interest may be more likely to be directly translated into sexual activity in men than in women

A

This sex difference may be explained by society’s placement of greater restraints on female sexuality.

82
Q

It is estimated that __% of youth have a physical, developmental, or sensory disability

A

10

83
Q

most people with _____ have the same sexual needs, feelings, and desires as those without disabilities

A

disabilities

84
Q

youth with developmental disabilities

A

may require sex education materials specifically designed to accommodate their levels of comprehension and pace of learning. People with profound intellectual or developmental disabilities may require guidance and education around issues of consent to sexual activity

85
Q

the greatest challenge faced by people with disabilities

A

they must live in a society where myths, misconceptions, and negative stereotypes about sexuality and disability abound

86
Q

sexual wellness for people with disabilities, as for all people, involves five factors:

A

A positive sexual self-concept (i.e., seeing oneself as valuable, both sexually and as a person)

Knowledge about sexuality

Positive, productive relationships

An ability to cope with social, environmental, physical, and emotional barriers to sexuality

Maintenance of good general and sexual health, within personal limitations

87
Q

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

A

a chronic, unpredictable disease that affects the nervous system. The tissue called myelin, which surrounds and protects nerve cells, disintegrates, leaving scar tissue in its place

  • MS impairs sexual functioning, and people with MS report more sexual problems than people without the disorder
  • Many people with MS in good relationships enjoy fine sex lives for many years.
88
Q

Cerebral palsy (CP)

A

doesn’t generally impair sexual interest, capacity for orgasm, or fertility.
-may have to adjust sexual activities and positions accordingly.

89
Q

Spinal Cord Injuries

A

Most of those who suffer disabling spinal cord injuries are young, active men and women. Automobile or pedestrian accidents account for about half of these cases. Other common causes include bullet or stab wounds, sports injuries, and falls.

90
Q

two erection centres in the spinal cord

A

a higher centre in the lumbar region, which controls psychogenic erections, and a lower one in the sacral region, which controls reflexive erections.

91
Q

When damage occurs at or above the lumbar centre,

A

the man loses the capacity for psychogenic erections, which occur in response to mental stimulation alone (e.g., viewing erotic video or fantasizing)

92
Q

He may still be able to achieve reflexive erections via direct stimulation of the penis, because this type of erection is controlled by the _______

A

sacral erection centre

93
Q

damage to the sacral erection centre

A

loses the capacity for reflexive erections but can still achieve psychogenic erections as long as his upper spinal cord remains intact.

94
Q

researchers have found that about_____men with spinal cord injuries are able to achieve erections, but only about ______ continues to ejaculate naturally.

A

3/4

1 in 10

95
Q

Women with spinal cord injuries

A

can engage in intercourse, become impregnated, and deliver vaginally

96
Q

A survey of 68 women with spinal cord injuries showed that about _____ were able to achieve orgasm as a result of erotic audiovisual material combined with manual genital stimulation

A

half

97
Q

Sensory Disabilities

A

such as blindness and deafness, do not directly affect genital responsiveness. Still, sexuality may be affected in many ways.

  • Blind since birth people may suffer knowing anatomy
  • People who are deaf often lack knowledge about sexuality
98
Q

Arthritis

A

may make it difficult or painful to bend the arms, knees, and hips

99
Q

Developmental Disabilities

A

People with intellectual disabilities (e.g., impaired cognitive functioning), such as developmental disabilities (e.g., mental or physical impairments that begin to occur before age 18), are often stereotyped as incapable of understanding their sexual desires.

100
Q

individuals with ______- are at higher risk to become the victims of sexual abuse and exploitation and may not be able, in some contexts, to consent to sexual activity with others

A

limited mental capacity

101
Q

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

A

includes a range of conditions that are characterized by difficulty with communication and social interaction, repetitive behaviours, and a tendency toward narrow, focused interests

102
Q

It is estimated that about _____ children in the United States has ASD

A

one in every 68

The condition is about four times more common in boys (1 in 42) than in girls

103
Q

Reading #5 (Fahs)

A

Objective: “Flibanserin” to treat womens libido
What happened: Analysed women’s descriptions of and definitions of ‘good sex’ (as defined by respondents), as well as their experiences of
sexual encounters that felt joyous and happy
Findings: Analysis revealed four themes
in women’s descriptions of good, happy and joyous sex: (1) Physical pleasure,
wanting and orgasm; (2) Emotional connection and relationship satisfaction;
(3) Comfort and naturalness; (4) Control over sexual scripts.

framed sexual satisfaction as a combination of physical satisfaction, emotional
satisfaction, frequency of orgasm and emotions about sex

104
Q

Machanisms of sexaul arousel consist of two basic physiological proceesses

A 
Increased blood flow (vasocongestion)
Neuromuscular tension (Myotonia)
105
Q

Excitement (lecture)

A

Initiated by whatever is sexually stimulating to the person

  • direct sensory stimulation
  • thoughts and memories
106
Q

Excitement for men (lecture)

A 
Erection of the penis
Elevation and flattening of scrotum 
Goose bumps on scrotum
Elevation of testes
Erection of nipples (30%)
107
Q

Excitement for women (lecture)

A 
Vagina lubricates and expands
-back 2/3 of canal extends
-vaginal walls distended with blood
Clitoris swells, elongates, hardens
Vestibular bulbs increase in size
Major lips flatten / separate
Minor lips thicken / change colour
Uterus more elevated
Breasts enlarge (nipples and areolas swell)
108
Q

Vaginal lubrication occured when women shown their most preferred sexual stimulus category (i.e Menor women)

Vasocongestion occurs with a range of sexual stimuli

A

Lubrication is more atunned to sexaul goals

Vasocongestion occurs more generically

109
Q

Plateau (lecture)

A

Sexual tension increases (levels out at high intensity)
Glans and coronal ridge of penis increase in size
Testes swell (increase up to 50% & further elevated)
Sex flush in 25% of men

110
Q

Plateau Women (lecture)

A

Inner vagina increases in depth and width
Major lips congested and swollen
Minor lips turn more vivid to a red or deep purple
Bartholin’s gland may secrete
Breasts further enlarge (nipples appear to shrink, breasts expand around them)
Sex flush 75% of women
Clitoris withdraws under hood
Uterus fully elevated

111
Q

Plateau Men and Women (lecture)

A

Involuntary muscle tension (face and abdomen)
increased breathing
Heart rate and blood pressure increase

112
Q

Orgasm (Lecture)

A

Contains physiological and psychological release

  • build-up of neuromuscular tension typically perceived as pleasurable
  • release even more pleasurable
  • Subjective experience with wide range of variation
113
Q

Faking orgasms

A

Often done by women to please their males

  • High in narcissism faked for sexual enjoyment
  • High in psychopathy to deceive their mates
  • In that study, 90% of participants faked
114
Q

Male Orgams (lecture)

A

2 Stages

  • 3-4 pulsations (0.8 seconds apart) of penile urethra and accessory organs expel semen
  • Contractions of naus
115
Q

Female orgasm (lecture)

A
  • Contractions of uterus and anus

- Women had longer latency to orgasm during partnered sex than during masturbation

116
Q

Orgasm Both men and women (Lecture)

A

Loss of voluntary muscle control
-involuntary grimaces and spasms

Breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure reach peak levels

Releases endorphins (opioid receptors)
-Only women release oxytocin (3-5 minutes)
117
Q

Refractory period (lecture)

A

Duration dependant on age, number of previous orgasms, fatigue

118
Q

Possible to have orgasm outside of sexual context

A

Drugs use, childbirth, breastfeeding, defecation, non genital stimulation

119
Q

Resolution (lecture)

A

Rapid reversal following orgasm

- much slower without orgasm

120
Q

Resolution male (lecture)

A 
Penis loses rigidity
Scrotum relaxes
Testes shrink and descend 
Nipples detumesce 
Sex flush fades
121
Q

Resolution female (lecture)

A

Clirotirs reverts’
Blood leaves vagina, lips, and breasts
Sex flush fades
Some muscle tension up to 5 minutes

122
Q

No orgasm, what happens?

A

High arousal but no orgasm results in an unpleasant state

For men, blue balls

123
Q

Dual control model

A

Extension of Masters and Johnston models

There are factors (physiological / organic ; psychological / cultural/ behavioural) that either excite or inhibit sexual arousal
-Particularly important for some women

124
Q

Genetic

A

Union of sperm and egg determines genetic sex of individual

125
Q

Ovum

A

X or determining chromosomes

126
Q

Sperm X or Y

A

Genetic sex determined by man’s sperm and not the ovum

-Y = male

127
Q

Differentiation of testes is apparent at ___ weeks

Ovaries at __ weeks

A

7

12

128
Q

H-Y antigen results in

A

growth of the testes (testes responsible for testosterone and dihydrotestosterone)

129
Q

Develop of external and internal genitals is under

A

hormonal control

130
Q

Genetic females (XX) develop ovaries

A

No mullerian duct inhibitory substance and no androgen

  • Mullerian duct develop
  • Male wolffian ducts degenerate without androgens
131
Q

Default sex is nothing happens is

A

Female (ovaries develop)

132
Q

Arousal (lecture)

A

Sensory input ultimately interpreted by the brain before sensation experienced
-can use memory and imagination

133
Q

Nerve endings and end organs

A

-responds to touch, warmth, and pain
-but there are no end organs for sexual stimulation
Experience comes from touch, warmth, pain

Where the nerve endings send their messages and how they are decoded by the brain is citicial

134
Q

Reflex mechanisms

A

Nerve impulses go to erectin centre

-can be independent from the brain

135
Q

Paraplegic (waist down)

A

Can have erection and ejaculate

But no orgasm (cause it meets the brain)

136
Q

Brain mechanisms

A

Limbic system
-older part in evolutionary sense of brain
-artificial activation produces various behaviours
-such as aggressive, defensive, alimentary, sexual
Frontal cortex impacts decision making

137
Q

Pleasure areas of the brain

A

When certain parts of brain are electrically stimulated, humans get pleasure response
-get erections from nearby areas

138
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Has it effects on the Anterior pituitary and hormones

139
Q

Reading 6 (Grebe) r6

A

examined hormonal correlates of their desire for sexual

contact. Estradiol was positively associated, and progesterone negatively associated, with self-reported desire

140
Q

Endocrinology

A 
Hormones produced by sex glands 
These blood born chemicals play an important role with important role in:
1) Development of anatomy 
2) Reproduction
3) Sexual behaviour
141
Q

Endocrine gland release directly into the

A

Blood stream

142
Q

Sex glands

A

Ovaries, testes

143
Q

Anterior pituitary

A

located at the base of the brain (hypothalamus)

-Known as the master gland as it secretes hormones in the blood stream which cause other glans to produce own hormones

144
Q

Anterior pituitary produces

A

Gonadotropins ( 2 types)
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
-Luteinizing hormone (LH)
These go to the gonads

145
Q

The pituitary gland is subject to control by the ____

A

brain

  • Follicle stimulating hormone releasing factor (FSH-RF)
  • LH releasing factor (LH-RF)
146
Q

How the sequence of gonadotropins work

A

First it starts in the brain, it functions through the hypothalamus, the hypothalamus produces the 2 releasing factors, releasing factors go ot the anterior pituitary

147
Q

How can physical and psychological stress affect hormone balance?

A

Stress can stop the brain-generated chemicals

148
Q

The ____ monitors hormone level

A

Brain

-acts like a furnace by turning production on or off

149
Q

Negative feedback system

A

Low levels of hormones turn on hormone production

HIgh levels of hormones turn off hormone production

150
Q

Psychological mood

A

mood influences hormones

hormones influence mood

151
Q

__ to __ days before menstruation

A

4-7 days

some women become emotionally labile, easily upset, and decline in performance

152
Q

Male endocrinology

A

Proceeding slides

153
Q

Sperm production is directly related to

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

-its is acyclic, meaning it is always happening

154
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is also known as

A

Interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ISCH)

-LH stimulates interstitial cells of testes (aka leydig’s cells) tp produce androgens (especially testosterone)

155
Q

Male cycles also have negative feedback cycles

A

For both FSH and LH

156
Q

Severe stress

A

stops sperm

157
Q

Winning fights (or competition)

A

Raise testosterone (WORLDSTARRR)

158
Q

As you age the prostate gland enlarges

A

10% by age 4-, 50% by age 80

Leads to involuntary urine (but drugs can help, or removal)

159
Q

men can also experience ___ with aging, due to lowering of testosterone and and hormone levels

A

depression (like women who menopause, but there is no male equivalent to menopause)

Psychology 353: Human Sexuality (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions