Chapter 4- Section 1 Flashcards
Congress passed laws to set up what 3 executive branches?
Treasury, State and War
The President appointed a _________ to head up each department in the executive branch.
secretary
The President appointed an ____________ to advise him on legal matters.
attorney general
Alexander Hamilton was the secretary of the treasury. Thomas Jefferson became secretary of state. Henry Knox was chosen for secretary of war. Over time, this group became known as _________
The Cabinet
Who was the first President of the US? and what year?
George Washington- 1789
What is an inauguration?
A ceremony in which the president takes the oath of office
What does precedent mean?
An example to be followed by others in the futures. *Washington was nervous about becoming President and understood how much the new nation depended on him.
What was the first job that President Washington had to do when he took office?
To put a working government in place.
The constitution called for a _________, or a court system.
judiciary
What was the Judiciary Act 1789?
Provided for a Supreme Court of 6 justices, 3 circuit courts, and 13 district courts.
What was the main job of federal courts?
To hear appeals from the state court.
The American Revolution had left the national government and states deeply in ______ which was mainly in the form of _______ .
debt bonds
What his a bond?
Is a certificate issued by a government for and amount of money that the government promises to pay back with interest.
Why was there a large public debt?
The government needed money for war efforts so they gave out bonds for money. Americans and foreigners bought the bonds in hopes of making money. But when the government couldn’t pay back the debt, the people lost the money they spent on the bonds.
Alexander Hamilton was in charge of solving the countries financial crisis. How did he plan to do this? Name the three parts to his plan.
- Paying the Debt 2. A National Bank 3. High Tariff or tax
Why did Hamilton want the US to pay back their debt?
He wanted to prove to people that the US would honor its debts in full.
Why did southerners opposed the plan to repay the state debts?
Because the south had already paid their war debts and wanted all the states to pay their own debt.
Why did the southerns agree to the government paying back wartime debt?
The government in turn would build the new capital city in the south.
Why was the National Bank created?
It would provide a safe place to deposit government funds. The bank would issue paper money that would serve as a national currency.
Who was opposed to the National Bank?
Thomas Jefferson He insisted the law establishing the bank was unconstitutional- contrary to what is permitted my the Consisitution.
Jefferson’s view about the bank was a ______ view about how the constitution should be interpreted.
strict
Hamilton’s view was for a ______ interpretation of the constitution in favor for the National Bank.
loose
Hamilton wanted a high tariff (taxes on imported goods), why?
He thought it would help raise money for the federal government.
Also, why would the high taxes protect the US?
It would protect manufacturers from foreign competition. Help people that where manufacturing products in the US.
Why did the southerns not like the tariffs?
The southerners thought the tariff would help the north and hurt the south.
What was the Whiskey Rebellion?
In 1791 congress put a tax on all whiskey made and sold in the US. Hamilton hoped this tax would raise funds for the Treasury. Instead it lead to a revolt!
Why was the Whiskey Rebellion important?
The Whiskey Rebellion tested the will of the new government. Washington’s forceful response showed Americans that they could not use guns and force in a republic.
