Chapter 4 (Rocks)

Question 1

Mixture of one or more minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other natural materials; can be igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary

Answer 1

Rock

Question 2

model that describes how rocks slowly change from one form to another through time.

Answer 2

Rock Cycle

Question 3

Rock formed when magma or lava cools and hardness.

Answer 3

Igneous Rock

Question 4

Molten rock that flows from volcanos onto earth’s surface.

Answer 4

Lava

Question 5

Describes a type of igneous rock that generally contains large crystals and forms when magma cools slowly beneath the earth’s surface.

Answer 5

Intrusive rocks

Question 6

Describes fine grain igneous rock when magma cools quickly at or near the earth’s surface.

Answer 6

Extrusive rocks

Question 7

Igneous rocks that are dense, dark-colored rocks.

They form from magma that is rich in iron and magnesium and poor in silica.

Answer 7

Basaltic rocks

Question 8

Igneous rocks that are light-colored rocks of a lower density than basaltic rocks. The magma from this rock is thick and stiff and contains lots of silica but lesser amounts or iron and magnesium.

Answer 8

Granitic rocks

Question 9

Rocks that have mineral compositions between this of basaltic and granitic rocks. Many volcanos around the rim of the Pacific Ocean formed from this type of magmas.

Answer 9

Andesitic rocks

Question 10

Pumice, obsidian and scoria are some examples of this type of rock. These rocks cooled so quickly that few or no mineral grains formed.

Answer 10

Volcanic glass

Question 11

Rocks that have changed because of changes in temperature and pressure or the presence of hot, watery fluids.
These rocks can form from igneous, sedimentary or others.

Answer 11

Metamorphic rocks

Question 12

Types of metamorphic rocks.

Answer 12

Foliated rocks and

Nonfoliated rocks

Question 13

metamorphic rocks such as gneiss, and slate which have a layered or banded appearance that is produced by exposure to heat and high pressure

Answer 13

Foliated rocks

Question 14

metamorphic rocks such as marble and quartzite which DO NOT have a layered or banded appearance.

Answer 14

Nonfoliated rocks

Question 15

Changes in pressure, temperature, or the presence of fluids can cause _______________ rocks to form

Answer 15

Metamorphic

Question 16

True or False

Rock, altered by metamorphic processes at high temperatures and pressures, changes in the solid state and starts melting

Answer 16

False

Rock, altered by metamorphic processes at high temperatures and pressures, changes in the solid state WITHOUT melting

Question 17

Hot fluids that move through and react with preexisting rock are composed mainly of ___________ and ____________

Answer 17

Water and Carbon dioxide

Question 18

True or false

Any PARENT rock type —- igneous, or sedimentary —- can become a metamorphic rock.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

loose materials such as rock fragments, mineral grains, and bits of shell that have been moved by wind, water, ice or gravity.

Answer 19

Sediments

Question 20

Rocks formed when sediments are pressed and cemented together, or when minerals form from solutions

Answer 20

sedimentary rock

Question 21

Sedimentary rocks classification

Answer 21

DETRITAL
CHEMICAL
ORGANIC

Question 22

These rocks consist of sediment grains derived from the weathering and erosion of other rocks. They are by far the most abundant of the sedimentary rocks. Common ————— rocks are shale, sandstone and conglomerate.

Answer 22

DETRITAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

the name “detritus” (Latin for loose material derived from disintegration).

Question 23

These rocks are composed mostly of mineral crystals that form and settle (precipitate) from water, either lakes, the ocean, or groundwater. They are extremely valuable to industry. Common chemical rocks are rock salt, rock gypsum and chemical limestone.

Answer 23

CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Question 24

These rocks contain significant amounts of biologic material, usually in the form of fossil fragments that were originally deposited on the ocean floor. Examples of such rocks are coquina and chalk, which are types of limestones. Heating of organic material can cause it to slowly alter into useful forms of petroleum. Examples of such rocks are oil shale and coal.

Answer 24

ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Question 25

the process of breaking big rocks into little ones. This process usually happens near the surface of the planet.

Answer 25

Weathering

Question 26

The movement of weathered material

Answer 26

Erosion

Question 27

The process of minerals such as quartz, calcite, and hematite are deposited between the pieces of sediment.

Answer 27

Cementation

Question 28

Materials found in sedimentary rocks

Answer 28

Consists of any type of rock or mineral.

Often they are composed of 1) chunks of minerals quartz and feldspar. 2) others: pieces of gneiss, or limestone.

Question 29

What holds the sediments together:

Answer 29

Quartz or calcite.

Question 30

consists of the mineral calcite (CaCO3) and forms many crystals that grow together. It is at least 50% calcite.

Answer 30

Limestone

Question 31

chemical sedimentary rocks that form as water evaporates from a lake or ocean.

Answer 31

Rock salt

Question 32

formed from the microscopic skeletons of plankton, which rain down on the sea floor.

Answer 32

Chalk

Question 33

Formed by dead plant remains then Water and dirt began to piling up on top of it. Over thousands of years pressure and heat would build up on top of the plant remains, undergoing chemical and physical changes and pushing out the oxygen.

Answer 33

Coal