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Matthew 2014-15 (BIO) > Chapter 15 (atmosphere) > Flashcards

Chapter 15 (atmosphere) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

is made up of three oxygen molecules and is what protects us from the sun’s harmful UV radiation, which causes cancer, cataracts, and DNA mutation and harms plants and other animals on Earth.

A

ozone

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2
Q

a sublayer of the thermosphere and the upper limit of the atmosphere where the atoms and molecules blend into space.

A

exosphere

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3
Q

a sub-layer of the thermosphere containing ions.

A

ionosphere

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4
Q

the layer of the atmosphere just above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere. It is the coldest part of the atmosphere and meteors burn up in this layer.

A

mesosphere

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5
Q

the layer of the atmosphere just above the troposphere and below the mesosphere. There is a temperature inversion due to the ozone layer which absorbs most of the sun’s UV radiation.

A

stratosphere

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6
Q

the layer of the atmosphere above the mesosphere where temperatures are the highest in the atmosphere. The increasing temperature is due to the strong influence of solar activity.

A

thermosphere

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7
Q

The uppermost layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature increases as altitude increases

A

stratosphere

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8
Q

the layer of the atmosphere that is nearest to the Earth’s surface. It is where most weather changes occur. It is the thinnest layer yet contains half of the Earth’s atmosphere.

A

troposphere

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9
Q

an instrument used to measure air pressure.

A

barometer

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10
Q

the change in state from a gas to a liquid

A

condensation

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11
Q

the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet.

A

atmosphere

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12
Q

the chemical element of atomic number 7, a colorless, odorless unreactive gas that forms about 78 percent of the earth’s atmosphere.

A

nitrogen

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13
Q

a colorless, odorless reactive gas, the chemical element of atomic number 8 and the life-supporting component of the air. Oxygen forms about 21 percent of the earth’s atmosphere, and is the most abundant element in the earth’s crust

A

oxygen

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14
Q

a colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration. It is naturally present in air (about 0.03 percent) and is absorbed by plants in photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide

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15
Q

the perceptible natural movement of the air, esp. in the form of a current of air blowing from a particular direction.

A

wind

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16
Q

the height of an object or point in relation to sea level or ground level.

A

altitude

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17
Q

the force exerted by the weight of tiny particles of air (air molecules). At sea level the air pressure is 14.7 psi.

A

air pressure

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18
Q

rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to the ground.

A

precipitation

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19
Q

a type of vaporization of a liquid that occurs from the surface of a liquid into a gaseous phase that is not saturated with the evaporating substance.

A

evaporation

20
Q

a high-speed high-altitude airstream blowing from west to east near the top of the troposphere.

A

jet stream

21
Q

the Earth’s rotation causes winds in the northern hemisphere to rotate clockwise and winds in the southern hemisphere to rotation counter clockwise

A

Coriolis Effect

22
Q

the movement of air from sea to land during the day when cooler air from above the water moves over the land, forcing the heated, less dense air above the land to rise

A

sea breeze

23
Q

the movement of air from land to sea at night, created when cooler, denser air from the land forces up warmer air over the sea

A

land breeze

24
Q

is one of the many types of energy that come to Earth from the Sun. Too much exposure to this type of radiation can damage your skin and cause cancer.

A

Ultraviolet radiation

25
Q

the change in state from a gas to a liquid

A

condensation

26
Q

Is a term that describes all the water on Earth’s surface.

A

Hydrosphere

27
Q

What have CFCs done to Earth and its atmosphere?

A

CFCs have created a hole in the ozone layer, caused more UV radiation to reach earth, and caused cancer to rise (#s).

28
Q

Why are there fewer molecules of air up in the mountains?

A

Mountains have fewer air molecules because of air pressure decreases as you go higher.

29
Q

What is it called when water changes from gas to liquid?

A

Condensation Gas changes into liquid

30
Q

What is it called when water changes from a liquid to gas?

A

Evaporation Liquid changes to gas

31
Q

What is the most abundant gas in Earth’s atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen

32
Q

Where can CFCs be found?

A

CFCs are found in refrigerators, air conditioners, and aerosal cans.

33
Q

What causes a shooting star?

A

A shooting star are meteors in the mesosphere.

34
Q

Which layer of the atmosphere is named after its high temperatures?

A

Thermo means temperature Highest temperatures are found in the Thermosphere

35
Q

Why are the thermosphere and exosphere the warmest of the atmospheric layers?

A

Exosphere and thermosphere are the warmest since they are the closest to the sun.

36
Q

How have humans altered the composition of Earth’s atmosphere?

A

Humans have altered the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere by polluting with carbon dioxide gas.

37
Q

How is the troposphere warmed?

A

The sun warms Earth’s surface, which warms the air above it.

38
Q

Which layer contains the ozone layer?

A

The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.

39
Q

What is the outermost layer of the atmosphere?

A

The exosphere is the outermost layer of Earth’s atmosphere.

40
Q

What would happen if Earth had no atmosphere?

A

The days would be hot and the nights would be cold.

41
Q

Force exerted on an area is…

A

Pressure is force exerted on an area.

42
Q

The hydrosphere, which consists of all of Earth’s water, is maintained by…

A

The hydrosphere is maintained by recycling water in the atmosphere. (Water Cycle)

43
Q

What form of energy transfer heats the Earth?

A

Radiation is the form of energy transfer that heats the Earth.

44
Q

Heat flows from …

A

Heat flows from high to low temperatures.

45
Q

How does the atmosphere benefit Earth?

A

The atmosphere benefits Earth by protecting it from the harmful rays of the sun.

Matthew 2014-15 (BIO) (13 decks)

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