Chapter 4 - Quiz Flashcards by Igor dias

What is checklist-based testing?

An experience-based test technique whreby the experienced tester uses a list of items to be noted, checked, or remembered, or a set of rules or criteria against which a product must be verified

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Which one of the following options is categorized as a black-box test technique?

A technique based on formal requirements

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Question #4.1.03

Which of the following BEST matches the descriptions with the different categories of test techniques?

Coverage is measured based on a selected structure of the test object
The processing within the test object is checked
Tests are based on defects’ likelihood and their distribution
Deviations from the requirements are checked
User stories are used as the test basis

Using notation for the following 4 options:

Black - Black-box test techniques

White - White-box test techniques

Experience - Experience-based test techniques

Black-box test techniques - Deviations from the requirements are checked (4) User stories are used as the test basis (5); White-box test techniques - Coverage is measured based on a selected structure of the test object (1) The processing within the test object is checked (2); Experience-based test techniques - Tests are based on defects’ likelihood and their distribution (3)

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Question #4.1.04

Prior to an iteration planning session, you are studying a user story and its acceptance criteria, deriving test conditions and associated test cases from the user story as a way of applying the principle of early QA and test. What test technique are you applying?

Black-box

Behavior-based, or black-box techniques are based on an analysis of the appropriate test basis (e.g., formal requirements documents, specifications, use cases, user stories, or business processes), which describe functional and non-functional behavior

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Question #4.1.05

Which of the following is an extension of equivalence partitioning?

Boundary value analysis.

BVA is an extension of EP, looking at the boundaries on the edges of the partitions (or classes) of values.

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According to the ISTQB Glossary, what is a black-box test technique?

A procedure to derive and/or select test cases based on an analysis of the specification, either functional or non-functional, of a component or system without reference to its internal structure

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How do experience-based test techniques differ from black-box test techniques?

They depend on an individual’s domain knowledge and expertise rather than on a documented record of what the system should do

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Which of the following provides the BEST description of statement coverage?

A white-box test technique which focuses on the percentage of executable statements that has been executed be a test suite

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How do experience-based techniques differ from specification-based techniques?

They depend on an individual’s personal view rather than on a documented record of what they system should do

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Question #4.1.12

Features of White Box Testing Technique:

I. We use explicit knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested to select the test data.

II. Uses specific knowledge of programming code to examine outputs and assumes that the tester knows the path of logic in a unit or a program.

III. Checking for the performance of the application

IV. Also checks for functionality

I, II are True

III and IV are false

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Which of the following is MOST clearly a characteristic of structure based (white-box) techniques?

Test cases are derived systematically from the delivered code

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Which two of the following are attributes of structural testing?

I. It is based on testing features described in a functional specification

II. It can include statement and decision testing

III. It can be carried out at all levels of testing

IV. It can include debugging

II. It can include statement and decision testing

III. It can be carried out at all levels of testing

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Exclusive use of white box testing in a test-phase will:

Run the risk that the requirements are not satisfied

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What techniques would be MOST appropriate if the specifications are outdated?

Structure-based and experienced-based techniques

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What’s the disadvantage of Black Box Testing

Changes of having repetition of tests that are already done by programmer

The test inputs needs to be from large sample space

It is difficult to identify all possible inputs in limited testing time. So writing test cases is slow and difficult

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Which statement is a valid explanation as to why black-box test design techniques can be useful?

They can help to derive test data based on analysis of the requirement specification

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Question #4.1.20

The following statements are used to describe the basis for creating test cases using either black or white box techniques:

I. Information about how the software is constructed.

II. Models of the system, software or components.

III. Analysis of the test basis documentation.

IV. Analysis of the internal structure of the components.

Which combination of the statements describes the basis for black box techniques?

II. Models of the system, software or components.

III. Analysis of the test basis documentation.

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Which of the following could be a coverage measure for state transition testing?

→ All states have been reached

→ Every transition has been exercised

→ Specific sequences of transitions have been exercised

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Which one of the following options is categorized as a black-box test technique

→ Techniques based on formal requirements.

Which of the following descriptions of statement coverage is CORRECT

→ Statement coverage is a measure of the proportion of executable statements in the source code exercised by tests

What is checklist-based testing?

→ An experience-based test technique whereby the experienced tester uses a high-level list of items to be noted, checked, or remembered, or a set of rules or criteria against which a product has to be verified

With a highly experienced tester with a good business background, which approach to defining test procedures would be effective and most efficient for a project under severe time pressure?

→ A high-level outline of the test conditions and general steps to take

What is the key characteristic of structure-based techniques?

→ They are used to measure coverage and to design tests to increase coverage

Which of the following would be an example of decision-table testing for a financial application applied at the system-level?

→ A table containing rules for mortgage applications

Which of the following would structure-based test design techniques be most likely be applied to?

3. The business process flow for mortgage approval | 4. Control flow of the program to calculate repayments

Why are error guessing and exploratory testing good to do?

→ They can find defects missed by behavior and structure-based techniques

How do experience-based techniques differ from behavior-based techniques?

→ They depend on an individual’s personal view rather than on a documented record of what the system should do

The following statement refers to decision coverage: “When the code contains only a single ‘if’ statement and no loops or CASE statements, any single test case we run will result in 50% decision coverage.” Which of the following sentences is correct?

→ The sentence is true. Any single test case would cause the outcome of the “if” statement to be either true or false.

Which one of the following is the BEST description of statement coverage?

→ It is a metric, which is used to calculate and measure the percentage of statements in the source code which have been executed

Which of the following BEST matches the descriptions with the different categories of test techniques? 1. Coverage is measured based on a selected structure of the test object 2. The processing within the test object is checked 3. Tests are based on likely defects and their distribution 4. Deviations from the requirements are checked 5. User stories are used as the test basis Black - Black-box test techniques White - White-box test techniques Experience - Experience-based test techniques

Black → 4, 5 White → 1, 2 Experience → 3

Which of the following statements BEST describes how test cases are derived from a use case?

→ Test cases are created to exercise defined basic, exceptional and error behaviors performed by the system under test in collaboration with actors

Which technique shows all valid transitions and potentially invalid transitions between states, as well as the events, and resulting actions for valid transitions?

→ State Transition

Use case testing is useful for which of the following? **I. Designing acceptance tests with users or customers** **II. Making sure that the mainstream business processes are tested** III. Identifying the percentage of statements exercised by a sets of tests IV. Identifying the maximum and minimum values for every input field

**I. Designing acceptance tests with users or customers** **II. Making sure that the mainstream business processes are tested**

For which of the following situations is exploratory testing suitable?

→ When testers are available who have enough knowledge of similar applications and technologie

Which of the following provides the BEST description of exploratory testing?

→ An approach to testing whereby the testers dynamically designs and execute tests based on their knowledge, exploration of the test item and the results of previous test

Which of the following BEST describes the concept behind error guessing?

→ Error guessing involves using your knowledge and experience of defects found in the past and typical mistakes made by developers

Which of the following is a true statement about exploratory testing?

→ More experienced testers who have tested similar applications and technologies are likely to do better than less experienced testers at exploratory testing

Question #4.4.07 Which of the following statements about error guessing are True? P. Error guessing uses a test charter and test session sheets. **Q. Error guessing is based on tester knowledge.** R. Error guessing always uses a checklist. S. Error guessing is a black-box test technique. **T. Error guessing can be based on mistakes developers may make.**

**Q. Error guessing is based on tester knowledge.** **T. Error guessing can be based on mistakes developers may make.**

What is exploratory testing?

→ Concurrent test design, test execution, test logging and learning

Which of the following BEST describes error guessing?

→ Error guessing involves designing tests based on experience, defect data or common knowledge about why software fails

Which of the following BEST describes exploratory testing?

→ Exploratory testing may be used within defined time periods during which the tester may follow a test charter as a guide

Which of the following BEST describes checklist-based testing?

→ Checklist-based testing may involve a list of test based on what is important to the user as well as an understanding of why and how software fails

When exploratory testing is conducted using time-boxing and test charters, what is it called?

→ Session-based testing

Which of the following statements describe why exploratory testing is a useful test design technique? I. It can help derive test cases based on the internal structure of systems **II. It is useful when there are limited specification documents available** **III. It is useful when there testing is constrained due to time pressures** IV. It is a cheaper alternative to more formal test design techniques

**II. It is useful when there are limited specification documents available** **III. It is useful when there testing is constrained due to time pressures**

Which of the following statements describe why error guessing is a useful test design technique? I. It can help derive test cases based on analysis of specification documents. **II. It can identify tests not easily captured by formal techniques.** **III. It can make good use of tester's experience and available defect data.** IV. It is a cheaper alternative to more formal test design techniques.

**II. It can identify tests not easily captured by formal techniques.** **III. It can make good use of tester's experience and available defect data.**

A test case design where methodical approach is to create a list of possible errors, defects, and failures, and design tests that will expose those failures and the defects that caused them. ?

→ Error guessing