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ISTQB > Chapter 2 - Quiz > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Which one of the following is the BEST definition of an incremental development model?

A

Defining requirements, designing software and testing are done in phases where in each phase a piece of the system is added.

Incremental development involves establishing requirements, designing, building, and testing a system in pieces

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2
Q

Question #2.1.02

Given the following statements about the relationships between software development activities and test activities in the software development lifecycle:

  1. Each development activity should have a corresponding testing activity
  2. Reviewing should start as soon as final versions of documents become available
  3. The design and implementation of tests should start during the corresponding development activity
  4. Testing activities should start in the early stages of the software development lifecycle Which of the following CORRECTLY shows which are true and false?
A
  1. Each development activity should have a corresponding testing activity. TRUE
  2. Reviewing should start as soon as final versions of documents become available. FALSE – it should start as soon as drafts are available
  3. The design and implementation of tests should start during the corresponding development activity. FALSE – the analysis and design of tests should start during the corresponding development activity, not the implementation
  4. Testing activities should start in the early stages of the software development lifecycle. TRUE
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3
Q

Question #2.1.03

Which of the following is most correct regarding the test level at which functional tests may be

executed?

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the V-model lifecycle?

A

The test process is integrated with the development process.

In the V-Model, testing activities are paired with each development activity.

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4
Q

In an iterative lifecycle model, which of the following is an accurate statement about testing activities?

A

For every development activity, there should be a corresponding testing activity.

For any lifecycle model, this is a correct statement.

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5
Q

Consider the following statements about the reasons to adapt life cycle models for specific projects or products:

I Different projects have different goals.

II The life cycle model should be adapted to suit

all types of development within the company for consistency.

III Different types of product have different product risks.

IV Business priorities are different depending on the context of the project or product.

V Different test environments may be necessary.

A

I Different projects have different goals.

III Different types of product have different product risks.

IV Business priorities are different depending on the context of the project or product.

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6
Q

Which of the following software development models BEST exemplifies a model that does NOT support the principle of early testing?

A

The Waterfall model

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7
Q

Which of the following is the BEST reason for selecting a particular type of software development lifecycle model?

A

The type of product being developed

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8
Q

Which of the following are characteristics of good testing in any life cycle model?

I. Every development activity has a corresponding test activity

II. Testers review development documents early

III. Each test level is based on the same test basis

IV. Each test level has objectives specific to that level

A

I. Every development activity has a corresponding test activity

II. Testers review development documents early

IV. Each test level has objectives specific to that level

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9
Q

What are good practices for testing within the development life cycle?

A

Early test analysis and design

Different test levels are defined with specific objectives

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10
Q

In any software development life cycle (SDLC) model, which of the following are characteristics of good testing?

I. For every development activity, there is a corresponding test activity

II. Each test level has test objectives specific to that level

III. Test analysis and design for a given test level begin during the corresponding development activity

IV. Testers participate in discussions to define and refine requirements and design as soon as drafts are available

A

I. For every development activity, there is a corresponding test activity

II. Each test level has test objectives specific to that level

III. Test analysis and design for a given test level begin during the corresponding development activity

IV. Testers participate in discussions to define and refine requirements and design as soon as drafts are available

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11
Q

What is important to do when working with software development models?

A

To adapt the model to the context of project and product characteristics

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12
Q

Which one of the following is true of software development models?

A

In Agile development models, self-organizing teams, where the whole team is responsible for the quality and gives testers more autonomy in their work.

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13
Q

We split testing into distinct stages primarily because:

A

Each test stage has a different purpose

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14
Q

Preparing and automating test cases before coding is called

A

Test first approach

Test driven development

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15
Q

In practice, which Life Cycle model may have more, fewer or different levels of development and testing, depending on the project and the software product. For example, there may be component integration testing after component testing, and system integration testing after system testing

A

V-model

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16
Q

Which ADDITIONAL test level could be introduced into a standard V-model after system testing?

A

System Integration Testing

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17
Q

Which statement about testing is true?

A

Testing is started as early as possible in the life cycle

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18
Q

V-Model is:

A

A software development model that illustrates how testing activities integrate with software development phases

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19
Q

Which of the following statements comparing component testing and system testing is TRUE?

A

Test cases for component testing are usually derived from component specifications, design specifications, or data models, whereas test cases for system testing are usually derived from requirement specifications or use cases.

Examples of work products that can be used as a test basis for component testing include detailed design, code, data model, component specifications. Examples of work products for system testing include system and software requirement specifications(functional and non-functional) use cases

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20
Q

Given that the testing being performed has the following attributes:

  • Based on interface specifications
  • Focused on finding failures in communication
  • The test approach uses both functional and structural test types

Which of the following test levels is MOST likely being performed?

A

Integration testing.

  1. ‘testing is based on interface specifications’ – the test basis for integration testing includes interface specifications (along with communication protocol specification), while these are not included for any of the other test levels
  2. ‘testing is focused on finding failures in communication’ - failures in the communication between tested components is included as a typical failure for integration testing, but failures in communication is not included for any of the other test levels
  3. ‘the test approach uses both functional and structural test types’ - functional and structural test typ
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21
Q

Consider the following types of defects that a test level might focus on:

  1. Defects in separately testable modules or objects
  2. Not focused on identifying defects
  3. Defects in interfaces and interactions
  4. Defects in the whole test object

Which of the following list correctly matches test levels from the Foundation syllabus with the defect focus options given above?

A 
1 = Component Testing
2 = Acceptance Testing
3 = Integration Testing
4 = System Testing

Component testing focuses on defects in separately testable modules or objects,

integration testing on defects in interfaces and interactions,

system testing on defects in the whole test object,

and acceptance testing is not typically focused on identifying defects.

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22
Q

What type of testing is normally conducted to verify that a product meets a particular regulatory requirement?

A

Acceptance Testing

Regulatory acceptance is a form of acceptance testing. The other types of testing should be conducted as well, but the focus on the compliance with the regulatory requirements should occur during acceptance testing. It is a good practice to conduct this testing as early as possible, but formal acceptance by a regulatory agency is normally done during acceptance testing.

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23
Q

Use cases are a test basis for which level of testing?

A

System Testing.

Use cases are a good test basis for system testing because they include end-to-end transaction scenarios.

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24
Q

Which of the following would be a typical defect found in component testing?

A

Incorrect code and logic

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25
Q

Which of the following statements is true about a software verification and validation program?

I. It strives to ensure that quality is built into software

II. It provides management with insights into the state of a software project

III. It ensures that alpha, beta, and system tests are performed

IV. It is executed in parallel with software development activities

A

I. It strives to ensure that quality is built into software

II. It provides management with insights into the state of a software project

IV. It is executed in parallel with software development activities

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26
Q

What test can be conducted for off-the-shelf software to get market feedback?

A

Alpha and Best testing.

Alpha and beta testing are typically used for COTS software, such as software packages that can be bought or downloaded by consumers. Feedback is needed from potential or existing users in their market before the software product is put out for Hale commercially.

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27
Q

Alpha testing is:

A

Pre-release testing by end user representatives at the developer’s site

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28
Q

System Integration testing should be done

A

After System testing

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29
Q

Which one of the following statements about system testing is NOT true?

A

End-users should be involved in system tests

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30
Q

The ___________ Testing will be performed by the people at client own locations

A

Field Testing

Books defines field testing as synonym to beta testing. There is no such info in glossary and syllabus. But I guess Rex Black left this in purpose. Beta testing Simulated or actual operational testing conducted at an external site, by roles outside the development organization. Synonym: field testing

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31
Q

Contract and regulation testing is a part of

A

Acceptance testing

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32
Q

Which acceptance test is USUALLY performed by system administrators?

A

Operational

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33
Q

Which of the following is true of acceptance testing

A

A goal of acceptance testing is to establish confidence in the system

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34
Q

Which of the following BEST describes system testing?

A

A test level that focuses on verifying that a system as whole meets specified requirements.

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35
Q

The main focus of acceptance testing is:

A

Testing for a business perspective

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36
Q

System testing should investigate

A

Non-functional requirements and functional requirements

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37
Q

Which is not a Component testing

A

Check the Interface mismatch

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38
Q

COTS is known as

A

Commercial off the shelf software

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39
Q

Question #2.2.21

Which of the following combinations correctly describes a valid approach to component testing:

I. Functional testing of the component in isolation

II. Structure-based testing of the code without recording incidents

III. Automated tests that are run until the component passes

IV. Functional testing of the interfaces between modules

A

I. Functional testing of the component in isolation

II. Structure-based testing of the code without recording incidents

III. Automated tests that are run until the component passes

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40
Q

Which of the following is not the integration strategy?

A

Bottom-down

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41
Q

Which of the following best describes integration testing?

A

Testing performed to expose faults in the interfaces and in the interaction between integrated components

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42
Q

Which of the following BEST describes integration testing?

A

A test level that focuses on interactions between components or systems

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43
Q

A type of integration testing in which software elements, hardware elements, or both are combined all at once into a component or an overall system, rather than in stages.

A

Big-bang testing

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44
Q

Where may functional testing be performed?

A

At all test levels

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45
Q

What is the difference between component testing and integration testing?

A

Component testing searches for defects

Integration testing tests interfaces

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46
Q

In system testing…

A

Both functional and non-functional requirements are to be tested

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47
Q

Which of the following can be tested as part of operational testing?

A

Testing of backup and restore
Disaster recovery
Maintenance tasks

48
Q

To test a function, the programmer has to write a _________, which calls the function to be tested and passes it test data.

A

Driver

49
Q

What is the name of a skeletal implementation of a software component that is used for testing?

A

Stub

50
Q

Which of the following statements are true about component testing?

I. Structural testing is rarely done during component testing

II. The test basis for component testing is often the code

III. The component testing environment should be as much like production as possible

IV. Robustness testing may be a part of component testing

A

II. The test basis for component testing is often the code

IV. Robustness testing may be a part of component testing

51
Q

Which description best matches the following Integration approaches:

I. Components or systems are substituted by drivers

II. testing starts from the top and works to the bottom, following the control flow or architectural structure

III. integrating all components or systems in one single step

IV. a small number of additional components or systems at a time

A. Top-down

B. Bottom-up

C. Functional incremental

D. Big-bang

A

A - II
B - I
C - IV
D - III

52
Q

Component Testing is also called as:

I. Unit Testing

II. Program Testing

III. Module Testing

IV. System Component Testing

A

I. Unit Testing TRUE

II. Program Testing TRUE

III. Module Testing TRUE

IV. System Component Testing FALSE

53
Q

Which of the following comparisons of component testing and system testing are TRUE?

A

Test cases for component testing are usually derived from component specifications, design specifications, or data models, whereas test cases for system testing are usually derived from requirement specifications, functional specifications or use cases.

54
Q

What is the normal order of activities in which software testing is organized?

A

Module, Integration, System, Acceptance

55
Q

Question #2.2.37

Integration testing has following characteristics

I. It can be done in incremental manner

II. It is always done after system testing

III. It includes functional tests

IV. It includes non-functional tests

A

I. It can be done in incremental manner

III. It includes functional tests

IV. It includes non-functional tests

56
Q

Link Testing is also called as:

A

Component Integration testing

57
Q

Question #2.3.01

How can white-box testing be applied during acceptance testing?

A

To check if all work process flows have been covered.

For acceptance testing, tests are designed to cover all supported financial data file structures and value ranges for bank-to-bank transfers

58
Q

Which one of the following is TRUE?

A

The purpose of regression testing is to detect unintended side effects, while the purpose of confirmation testing is to check if the original defect has been fixed

59
Q

Which of the following statements about test types and test levels is CORRECT?

A

It is possible to perform functional, non-functional and white-box testing at any test level

It is possible to perform any of the test types (functional, nonfunctional, white-box) at any test level

60
Q

Which of the following statements BEST compares the purposes of confirmation testing and regression testing?

A

The purpose of confirmation testing is to check that a previously found defect has been fixed, while the purpose of regression testing is to ensure that no other parts of the system have been adversely affected by the fix

61
Q

You are running a performance test with the objective of finding possible network bottlenecks in interfaces between components of a system. Which of the following statements describes this test?

A

A non-functional test during the integration test level

62
Q

A mass market operating system software product is designed to run on any PC hardware with an x86-family processor. You are running a set of tests to look for defects related to support of the various PCs that use such a processor and to build confidence that important PC brands will work. What type of test are you performing?

A

Portability test

Testing supported devices is a non-functional test, specifically a portability test

63
Q

During an Agile development effort, a product owner discovers a previously-unknown regulatory requirement that applies to most of the user stories within a particular epic. The user stories are updated to provide for the necessary changes in software behavior. The programmers on the team are modifying the code appropriately. As a tester on the team, what types of tests will you run?

A

Change-related tests.

The change in behavior may be either functional or non-functional you need to run change-related tests, some of which are confirmation tests and others are regression tests.

64
Q

You have been receiving daily builds from the developers. Even though they are documenting the fixes they are including in each build, you are finding that the fixes either aren’t in the build or are not working. What type of testing is best suited for finding these issues?

A

Confirmation Testing

Confirmation testing will determine if a fix is present in a build and if it actually fixes the defect it is supposed to fix

65
Q

Question #2.3.12

Consider the following statements about regression tests:

I They may usefully be automated if they are well designed.

II They are the same as confirmation tests (re-tests).

III They are a way to reduce the risk of a change having an adverse affect elsewhere in the system.

IV They are only effective if automated.

Which pair of statements is true?

A

I They may usefully be automated if they are well designed.

III They are a way to reduce the risk of a change having an adverse affect elsewhere in the system.

66
Q

Which statement about functional, non-functional and white-box testing is True?

A

Functional testing evaluates characteristics such as completeness and correctness

Non-functional testing evaluates characteristics such as reliability, security or usability

White box testing evaluates characteristics such as system architecture and the thoroughness of testing

67
Q

Question #2.3.15

Given the following types of testing scenarios:

a. Regression testing
b. Confirmation testing
1. Testing to ensure the application of a new version of the operating system does not have any unintended side-effects on the system
2. Testing due to the application of a security patch
3. Testing due to the application of a new version of database management system
4. Testing to ensure the fix to the payroll system truly works

A

Regression
Regression
Regression
Confirmation

68
Q

Which of the following is a test type?

A

Logic-coverage testing

69
Q

The difference between re-testing and regression testing is

A

Re-testing is running a test again; regression testing looks for unexpected side effects

70
Q

Which of the following is the odd one out?

A

Specification-based testing

71
Q

Which of the following is a non-functional quality characteristic?

A

Usability

72
Q

Which of the following statements about functional testing is TRUE?

A

Functional testing is primarily concerned with “what” a system does rather than “how” it does it

73
Q

Question #2.3.26

Which two of the following are attributes of structural testing?

I. It is based on testing features described in a functional specification

II. It can include statement and decision testing

III. It can be carried out at all levels of testing

IV. It can include debugging

A

II. It can include statement and decision testing

III. It can be carried out at all levels of testing

74
Q

Which of the following best describes the purpose of non-functional testing?

A

To measure characteristics of a system which give an indication of how the system performs its functions

75
Q

According to the ISTQB Glossary, regression testing is required for what purpose?

A

To ensure that defects have not been introduced by a modification

76
Q

Structural Testing

A

Same as ckear-box testing
Same as code-based testing
Same as logic-coverage testing

77
Q

Which of the following are characteristic of regression testing?

I. Regression testing is run ONLY once

II. Regression testing is used after fixes have been made

III. Regression testing is often automated

IV. Regression tests does not need to be maintained

A

II. Regression testing is used after fixes have been made

III. Regression testing is often automated

78
Q

Which of following statements is true? Select ALL correct options Regression testing should be performed:

I. Once a month

II. When a defect has been fixed

III. When the test environment has changed

IV. When the software has changed

A

II. When a defect has been fixed

III. When the test environment has changed

IV. When the software has changed

79
Q

Which test can be performed at all test levels?

A

Structural testing

80
Q

Which of the following statements are TRUE?

I. Regression testing and acceptance testing are the same

II. Regression tests show if all defects have been resolved

III. Regression tests are typically well-suited for test automation

IV. Regression tests are performed to find out if code changes have introduced or uncovered defects

V. Regression tests should be performed in integration testing

A

III. Regression tests are typically well-suited for test automation

IV. Regression tests are performed to find out if code changes have introduced or uncovered defects

81
Q

Which of the following statements about functional testing is correct?

A

Functional test cases are derived from specifications

82
Q

Regression testing mainly helps in

A

Checking for side-effects of fixes

83
Q

Functional testing is:

A

Testing performed to evaluate if a component or system satisfies functional requirements

84
Q

Which of the following is TRUE?

A

Confirmation testing is testing fixes to a set of defects and Regression testing is testing to establish whether any defects have been introduced as a result of changes

85
Q

Which of the following requirements would be tested by a functional system test?

A

The system must allow a user to amend the address of a customer

86
Q

Question #2.3.42

During testing, a defect was found in which the system crashed when the network got disconnected while receiving data from the server. The defect was fixed by correcting functionality which checks the network availability during data transfer. Existing test cases did cover 100% of the module statements. To verify the fix and ensure more extensive coverage, some tests were designed and added to the test suite. What types of testing are mentioned above?

I. Functional testing

II. Structural testing

III. Confirmation testing

IV. Performance testing

A

I. Functional testing

II. Structural testing

III. Confirmation testing

87
Q

The use of test automation would provide the best return on investment for which of the following?

A

Regression testing

88
Q

Question #2.3.45

Consider the following statements about regression tests:

I. They may usefully be automated if they are well designed

II. They are the same as confirmation tests (re-tests)

III. They are a way to reduce the risk of a change having an adverse affect elsewhere in the system

IV. They are only effective if automated

Which pair of statements is true?

A

I. They may usefully be automated if they are well designed

III. They are a way to reduce the risk of a change having an adverse affect elsewhere in the system

89
Q

Which of the following statements are TRUE?

I. Regression testing and acceptance testing are alternative terms for the same thing

II. Regression tests show that all faults have been resolved

III. Regression tests are a good candidate for automation

IV. Regression tests are executed to determine if side-effects have been introduced through changes to the code

V. Regression tests are primarily performed in integration testing

A

III. Regression tests are a good candidate for automation

IV. Regression tests are executed to determine if side-effects have been introduced through changes to the code

90
Q

A regression test:

A

→ Will check unchanged areas of the software to see if they have been affected

91
Q

You have been receiving daily builds from the developers. Even though they are documenting the fixes they are including in each build, you are finding that the fixes either aren’t in the build or are not working. What type of testing is best suited for finding these issues?

A

→ Confirmation Testing

92
Q

A defect was found during testing. When the network got disconnected while receiving data from a server, the system crashed. The defect was fixed by correcting code that checked the network availability during data transfer. The existing test cases covered 100% of all statements of the corresponding module. To verify the fix and ensure more extensive coverage, some new tests were designed and added to the test suite.

A

→ Functional testing, Structural Testing, Re-testing

93
Q

What is the purpose of performing regression testing when system maintenance activities have occurred?

A

→ To ensure the overall system has not regressed

94
Q

For which of the following would maintenance testing be used?

A

→ Planned enhancements to an existing operational system

95
Q

Which of the following uses impact analysis the most?

A

→ Maintenance Testing

96
Q

Impact analysis helps to decide

A

→ How much regression testing should be done

97
Q

Which of the following should NOT be a trigger for maintenance testing?

A

Decision to test the maintainability of the software

98
Q

Which of the following statements CORRECTLY describes a role of impact analysis in Maintenance Testing?

A

Impact analysis is used when deciding if a fix to a maintained system is worthwhile

Impact analysis may be used to identify those areas of the system that will be affected by the fix, and so the extent of the impact (e.g. necessary regression testing) can be used when deciding if the change is worthwhile

99
Q

Which of the following statements is true?

A

Impact analysis is useful for regression testing during maintenance testing

Impact analysis can be used to select regression tests for maintenance testing

100
Q

When a system is targeted for decommissioning, what type of maintenance testing may be required?

A

Data migration testing

Data migration to another system or data migration to an archival system may be needed.

101
Q

Question #2.4.05

If impact analysis indicates that the overall system could be significantly affected by system maintenance activities, why should regression testing be executed after the changes?

A

To ensure the system still functions as expected with no introduced issues.

By definition, regression testing is looking for areas in which the system may have regressed (gone backwards).

102
Q

How is impact analysis used in maintenance testing?

A

It evaluates intended consequences and possible side effects of a change to the system, in order to plan what testing to do.

103
Q

Which of the following statements gives the best example of a trigger for maintenance testing?

A

Retirement of a customer service application

104
Q

Maintenance means

A

Testing a released system that has been changed

105
Q

Which of the following uses Impact Analysis most?

A

Maintenance testing

106
Q

Impact Analysis helps to decide:

A

How much regression testing should be done

107
Q

Maintenance testing is:

A

Triggered by modifications, migration or retirement of existing software

108
Q

Question #2.4.12

Under what circumstances would you plan to perform maintenance testing?

I. As part of a migration of an application from one platform to another

II. As part of a planned enhancement release

III. When the test scripts need to be updated

IV. For data migration associated with the retirement of a system

A

I. As part of a migration of an application from one platform to another

II. As part of a planned enhancement release

IV. For data migration associated with the retirement of a system

109
Q

Under what circumstances would you plan to perform maintenance testing?

I. Planned database upgrade

II. Migration from one platform to another

III. Modifications of hardware

IV. Retirement of a system

A

I. Planned database upgrade

II. Migration from one platform to another

III. Modifications of hardware

IV. Retirement of a system

110
Q

For which of the following would maintenance testing be used?

A

Planned enhancements to an existing operational system

111
Q

What is the main purpose of impact analysis for testers?

A

To determine how the existing system may be affected by changes

112
Q

Maintenance testing is:

A

Testing a released system that has been changed

113
Q

Consider the following statements about maintenance testing:

I. It requires both re-test and regression test and may require additional new tests

II. It is testing to show how easy it will be to maintain the system

III. It is difficult to scope and therefore needs careful risk and impact analysis

IV. It need not be done for emergency bug fixes

Which of the statements are true?

A

I. It requires both re-test and regression test and may require additional new tests

III. It is difficult to scope and therefore needs careful risk and impact analysis

114
Q

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the process of fixing emergency changes?

A

Retest the changed area and then use risk assessment to decide on a reasonable subset of the whole regression test to run in case other parts of the system have been adversely affected

115
Q

Which of the following defines the scope of maintenance testing?

A

The size and risk of any change(s) to the system

116
Q

How is the scope of maintenance testing assessed?

A

Scope is related to the risk, size of the changes and size of the system under test

ISTQB (16 decks)

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