Chapter 1 - Quiz Flashcards by Igor dias

Which of the following is considered as a type o validation?

Checking whether the system meets user and stakeholder need

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What is the definition of debugging?

Identify the cause of a defect, repairing the code and checking the fix correct

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When test cases are design early in the lifecycle, verifying the test basis via the test design, which common test objective is being achieved?

→ Preventing defects

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Which of the following statements BEST describes the difference between testing and debugging?

→ Dynamic testing shows failures caused by defects. Debugging finds, analyzes, and removes the causes of failures in the software.

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“Increase code coverage of modules”

Component Testing

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“Give information to stakeholders about the risk of releasing the system at a given time”

Acceptance Testing

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Which objective may be obtained by having testers involved in requirements reviews or user story refinement?

→ Reduces the risk of incorrect or untestable functionality being developed

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Which objective may be obtained by having testers verify and validate the software prior to release?

→ Increase the likelihood that the software meets stakeholder needs and satisfies requirements

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A defect that causes raw sewage to be dumped into the ocean.

HARM

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Test conditions are considered as which type of test work products?

→ Test Analysis work products

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What is a test condition?

→ Something that can be tested

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What is the test basis?

The body of knowledge used for test analysis and design

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Which two activities of the test process are often combined in many projects?

Test Design and Test Implementation

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Which of the following statements is a valid objective for testing?

To validate whether the test object works as expected by the users and other stakeholders

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Question 1.1.05. Consider the following statements about testing and debugging and identify which are True:

I. Debugging is a testing activity

II. Testers may be involved in debugging and component testing in Agile development

III. Testing finds, analyzes and fixes defects

IV. Debugging executes tests to show failures caused by defects

V. Checking whether fixes resolved the defects found is a form of testing

II. Testers may be involved in debugging and component testing in Agile development

IV. Debugging executes tests to show failures caused by defects

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Question 1.1.06. System test execution on a project is planned for eight weeks. After a week of testing, a tester suggests that the test objective stated in the test plan of ‘finding as many defects as possible during system test’ might be more closely met by redirecting the test effort in what way?

By testing in areas where the most defects have already been found

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Question 1.1.07. Consider the following definitions and match the term with the definition.

I. The reason or purpose of testing

II. The work product to be tested

III. Confirmation by examination and through provision of objective evidence that the requirements for a specific intended use or application have been fulfilled

Test objective
Test Object
Validation

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Question 1.1.08. It is important to ensure that test design starts during the requirements definition. Which of the following test objectives supports this?

Preventing defects in the system

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Question 1.1.10. How does testing contribute to software quality?

Testing through verification and validation of functionality identifies defects in the system under test

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Question 1.1.12. Which of the following statements is GENERALLY true of testing?

I. Testing can show the presence of defects

II. Testing reduces the probability of uncovered defects

III. Testing can show that a previously present defect has been removed

IV. Testing can prove that software is defect free

I. Testing can show the presence of defects

II. Testing reduces the probability of uncovered defects

III. Testing can show that a previously present defect has been removed

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Question 1.1.13. Which of the following are valid objectives for testing?

I. To find defects

II. To gain confidence in the level of quality

III. To identify the cause of defects

IV. To prevent defects

I. To find defects

II. To gain confidence in the level of quality

IV. To prevent defects

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Question 1.1.14. Which of the following should NOT normally be an objective for a test?

To prove that the software is correct

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Question 1.1.15. Which of the following will be the best definition for Testing:

Testing is executing Software for the purpose of finding defects

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Question 1.1.17. Which one of the following describes best the difference between testing and debugging?

Testing shows failures that are caused by defects.

Debugging finds, analyzes, and removes the causes of failures in the software

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Question 1.1.18. Test objectives vary between projects and so must be stated in the test plan. Which one of the following test objectives might conflict with the proper tester mindset?

Show that the system works before ship it

Question 1.1.19. What is the objective of debugging? I. To localize a defect II. To fix a defect III. To show failures that are caused by defects IV. To ensure that the fix does resolve the failure

I. To localize a defect II. To fix a defect

Question 1.1.20. Which of the following is USUALLY stated as testing objectives? I. Finding defects in the software II. Reducing maintenance costs III. Verify whether requirements are fulfilled IV. Assessing the quality of the software V. Meeting schedule milestones

I. Finding defects in the software III. Verify whether requirements are fulfilled IV. Assessing the quality of the software

Question 1.1.21. Which of the following statements is true?

Testing cannot prove that software is correct

Question 1.1.23. According to the ISTQB Glossary, debugging:

Includes the removing of the cause of a failure

Question 1.2.01. In what way can testing be part of Quality Assurance?

Testing reduces the risk of poor software quality

Question 1.2.02. Which one of the statements below describes the most common situation for a failure discovered during testing or in production?

The product crashed when the user selected an option in a dialog box

Question 1.2.03. Which of the following is an example of a failure in a car cruise control system?

The system stops maintaining a set speed when the radio volume is increased or decreased

Question 1.2.04. Which of the following is a defect rather than a root cause in a fitness tracker?

An incorrect configuration variable implemented for the GPS function could cause location problems during daylight saving times.

Error

The error is the mistaken thinking that resulted in putting the defect in the code

Question 1.2.05. A phone ringing momentarily distracts a programmer, causing the programmer to improperly program the logic that checks the upper boundary of an input variable. Later, during system testing, a tester notices that this input field accepts invalid input values. The improperly coded logic for the upper boundary check is:

The defect

Question 1.2.06. A tester participated in a discussion about proposed database structure. The tester identified a potential performance problem related to certain common user searches. This possible problem was explained to the development team. Which of the following is a testing contribution to success that BEST matches this situation?

Reducing the risk of fundamental design defects

Question 1.2.07. Match the keyword terms to the correct definitions: I. Something incorrect in a work product II. A person’s mistake III. An event where the system does NOT perform correctly

Defect Error Failure

Question 1.2.09. What is NOT a reason for testing?

To enable developers to code as quickly as possible

Question 1.2.10. Which statement about quality assurance is true?

Testing is actually a quality control activity rather than a quality assurance activity

Question 1.2.14. According to the ISTQB Glossary, the word 'bug' is synonymous with which of the following words?

Defect

Question 1.2.17. What is the actual result when a human being makes a mistake while writing code? I. A bug II. A failure III. A fault IV. A defect

A bug A fault A defect

Question 1.2.22. What is failure?

Deviation from expected result to actual result visible to end user

Question 1.3.02. As a result of risk analysis, more testing is being directed to those areas of the system under test where initial testing found more defects than average. Which of the following testing principles is being applied?

Defects cluster together

Question 1.3.03. A product owner says that your role as a tester on an Agile team is to catch all the bugs before the end of each iteration. Which of the following is a testing principle that could be used to respond to this (false) statement?

Testing shows the presence of defects

Question 1.3.04. A test team consistently finds a large number of defects during development, including system testing. Although the test manager understands that this is good defect finding within their budget for her test team and industry, senior management and executives remain disappointed in the test group, saying that the test team misses some bugs that the users find after release. Given that the users are generally happy with the system and that the failures that have occurred have generally been low-impact, which of the following testing principles is most likely to help the test manager explain to these managers and executives why some defects are likely to be missed?

Exhaustive testing is impossible

Question 1.3.07. Even though a test that once revealed many defects is part of the regression suite, no new test cases have been created for the module under test in a long time. What test principle is the QA team forgetting?

Beware of the pesticide paradox

Question 1.3.08. If a system has been tested and only a few defects have been found, what can we conclude about the state of the system? I. The system may be defect free but the testing done cannot guarantee that this is true II. The system is defect free and further testing would therefore be a waste of resources III. It depends what the system is designed to do IV. Further testing should be considered but this should be focussed on areas of highest risk because it would not be possible to test everything V. Testing should be curtailed because it is yielding no value

I. The system may be defect free but the testing done cannot guarantee that this is true III. It depends what the system is designed to do IV. Further testing should be considered but this should be focussed on areas of highest risk because it would not be possible to test everything

Question 1.3.10. Which of the statements below is the best assessment of how the test principles apply across the test life cycle?

Test principles affect activities throughout the test life cycle

Question 1.3.11. Which general testing principles are characterized by the descriptions below? A. Early testing saves time and money B. Defects cluster together C. Beware of the pesticide paradox D. Absence-of-errors fallacy I. Testing should start at the beginning of the project II. Conformance to requirements and fitness for use III. Small Number of modules contain the most defects IV. Test cases must be regularly renewed and revised

A I B III C IV D II

Question 1.3.12. Which test approach uses all combinations of input values and preconditions?

Exhaustive testing

Question 1.3.14. System test execution on a project is planned for eight weeks. After a week of testing, a tester suggests that the test objective stated in the test plan of 'finding as many defects as possible during system test' might be more closely met by redirecting the test effort according to which test principle?

Defect clustering

Question 1.3.15. Which of the following account for most of the failures in a system?

They will be found in a small proportion of modules

Question 1.3.20. An exhaustive test suite would include:

All combinations of input values and preconditions

Question 1.4.01. Which of the following activities is part of the main activity "test analysis" in the test process?

Evaluating the test basis for testability

Question 1.4.02. Match the following test work products (1-4) with the right description (A-D). 1. Test suite 2. Test case 3. Test script 4. Test charter A. A set of test scripts to be executed in a specific test run B. A set of instructions for the execution of a test C. Contains expected results D. Documentation of test activities in session-based exploratory testing

1 A 2 C 3 B 4 D

Question 1.4.03. Given the following test activities and tasks: A. Test design B. Test implementation C. Test execution D. Test completion 1. Entering change requests for open defect reports 2. Identifying test data to support the test cases 3. Prioritizing test procedures and creating test data 4. Analyzing discrepancies to determine their cause Which of the following BEST matches the activities with the tasks?

The correct pairing of test activities and tasks is: A. Test design – (2) Identifying test data to support the test cases B. Test implementation – (3) Prioritizing test procedures and creating test data C. Test execution – (4) Analyzing discrepancies to determine their cause D. Test completion – (1) Entering change requests for open defect reports

Question 1.4.04. Which of the following BEST describes how value is added by maintaining traceability between the test basis and test artifacts?

It is possible to determine if a new test case has increased coverage of the requirements. Is correct. If all test cases are linked with requirements, then whenever a new test case (with traceability) is added, it is possible to see if any previously uncovered requirements are covered by the new test case

Question 1.4.05. Consider the following testing activities: 1. Selecting regression tests 2. Evaluating completeness of test execution 3. Identifying which user stories have open defect reports 4. Evaluating whether the number of tests for each requirement is consistent with the level of product risk Consider the following ways traceability can help testing: A. Improve understandability of test status reports to include status of test basis items B. Make testing auditable C. Provide information to assess process quality D. Analyze the impact of changes Which of the following best matches the testing activity with how traceability can assist that activity?

Traceability assists with: • Selecting regression tests in terms of analyzing the impact of changes (1D) • Evaluating completeness of test execution which makes testing auditable (2B) • Identifying which user stories have open defect reports which improves understandability of test status reports to include status of test basis items (3A) • Evaluating whether the number of tests for each requirement is consistent with the level of product risk which provides information to assess test process quality (i.e., alignment of test effort with risk) (4C)

Question 1.4.06. Which of the following is an example of a task that can be carried out as part of the test process?

Designing test data Is correct. Creating test data is a test implementation task

Question 1.4.07. Consider the following list of test process activities: I. Analysis and design. II. Test closure activities. III. Evaluating exit criteria and reporting. IV. Planning and control. V. Implementation and execution. Which of the following places these in their logical sequence?

``` IV I V III II ```

Question 1.4.08. Consider the following factors: I. The test levels and test types being considered II. The best practices implemented in other companies III. The business domain IV. Required internal and external standards V. The way in which the previous system was developed Which of these factors may influence the test process in context?

I III IV

Question 1.4.10. Given the following test work products, Identify the major activity in a test process that produces it. I. Test execution schedule II. Test cases III. Test progress reports IV. Defect reports

Test implementation Test Design Test monitoring Test Execution

Question 1.4.11. Which of these tasks would you expect to perform during Test Design?

Identifying necessary test data to support test conditions

Question 1.4.13. "Identify features and sets of features to be tested" is a part of which phase:

Test analysis

Question 1.4.14. "Designing the test environment and identifying any required infrastructure and tools" are a part of which phase:

Test design

Question 1.4.15. The _________ is the activity where general testing objectives are transformed into tangible test conditions and test designs

"In test analysis, we transform the more general testing objectives defined in the test plan into tangible test conditions." "Foundations ofSoftware Testing: ISTQB Certification, 4th Edition Dorothy Graham, Rex Black, Erik van Veenendaal".

Question 1.4.17. Which of the following is not a part of the Test Implementation and Execution Phase:

Designing and prioritizing test cases and sets of test cases "d)" is correct. "Designing and prioritizing test cases and sets of test cases" is part of "Test design" phase Check "1.4.2 Test Activities and Tasks" in "ISTQB CTFL Syllabus 2018"

Question 1.4.21. In which activity of the Fundamental Test Process is the test environment set up?

Test implementation "Build the test environment (possibly including test harnesses, service virtualization, simulators and other infrastructure items) and verify that everything needed has been set up correctly." ISTQB CTFL Syllabus 2018

Question 1.4.22. Which activity in the fundamental test process "Create test suites from the test procedures and automated test scripts"?

Teste Implementation

Question 1.4.23. Test execution has which of the following major tasks? I. Analyze the anomalies in order to establish their likely causes II. Report defects based on the failures observed III. Execute the tests either manually or by using an automated test execution tool, according to the planned sequence IV. Check whether all defect reports are closed

I, II, III are true

Question 1.4.25. Reviewing the test Basis is a part of which phase:

Test analysis

Question 1.4.26. Which of the following is a part of Test completion? I. Check whether all defect reports are closed II. Log the outcome of test execution III. Finalize and archive the test environment IV. Analyze lessons learned from completed test activities

I, III, IV are true

Question 1.4.27. During which fundamental test process activity do we "Arrange the test suites within a test execution schedule"?

Test implementation

Question 1.4.28. During which activity of the Fundamental Test Process test process do you Assessing product risk and determining if more tests are needed to reduce the risk to an acceptable level?

Test monitoring and control

Question 1.4.29. Which of the following is a MAJOR task of Test monitoring and control?

Checking test results and logs against specified coverage criteria

Question 1.4.30. Which of the following is not a major task of Test execution?

Check whether all defect reports are closed

Question 1.4.33. Which of the following is NOT a test planning activity?

Identify features and sets of features to be tested

Question 1.4.34. The list below (a to e) describes one major task for each of the five main activities of the fundamental test process. Which option (A to d) places the tasks in the correct order, by time? I. Determining if more tests are needed II. Recording the IDs and versions of the test item III. Specifying suitable test techniques and tasks IV. Finalizing and archiving the test environment V. Defining and prioritizing test conditions

III, I, V, II, IV

Question 1.4.35. Which of the following is a MAJOR task of test design?

Design the test environment, including set-up, and identify any required infrastructure and tools

Question 1.4.39. Which activity in the Fundamental Test Process creates test suites for efficient test execution?

Test Implementation

Question 1.5.01. Programmers often write and execute unit tests against code which they have written. During this self-testing activity, which of the following is a tester mindset that programmers should adopt to perform this unit testing effectively?

Attention to detail. | Is correct. This tester mindset, and attention to detail, will help programmers find defects during unit testing

Question 1.5.03. Which one of the following answers describes a test condition?

A testable aspect of a component or system identified as a basis for testing

Question 1.5.07. What is quality?

The degree to which a component or system satisfies the stated and implied needs of its various stakeholders