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ISTQB > Chapter 3 - Quiz > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following statements about static testing are MOST true?

A

Static testing is a cheap way to detect and remove defects

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2
Q

Which of the following statements CORRECTLY reflects the value of static testing?

A

Since we started using static analysis, we find coding defects that might have not been found by performing only dynamic testing

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3
Q

Question #3.1.05

You are working on a video game development project, using Agile methods. It is based on Greek mythology and history, and players can play key roles in scenarios such as the battles between the Greeks and Trojans.

Consider the following user story and its associated acceptance criteria:

As a player, I want to be able to acquire the Rod of Midas (a new magic object), so that I can turn objects and other players into gold

AC1: The Rod must work on any object or player, no matter what size, which can be touched anywhere by the player holding the Rod

AC2: Holding the Rod does not change the player holding it into gold

AC3: Any object or player touched by the Rod transforms completely into gold within one millisecond

AC4: The Rod appears as shown in Prototype O.W.RoM

AC5: The transformation starts at the point of contact with the Rod and moves at a rate of one meter per millisecond

You are participating in a checklist-based review session of this user story.

This user story and its associated acceptance criteria contain which of the following typical defects identified by static testing in this type of work product?

A

Contradiction
Contradiction is a typical requirements defect. AC3 and AC5 conflict if the Rod is touched to an object that extends more than 1 meter in any direction from the point at which touched, since AC1 does not limit the size of the objects to be touched

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4
Q

Which testing technique would be most effective in determining and improving the maintainability of the code (assuming developers fix what is found)?

A

Static aanalysis
Static analysis with tools will give the best results for improving maintainability and ensuring adherence to good coding practices.

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5
Q

Which of the following is a benefit of static analysis?

A

Defects can be identified that might not be caught by dynamic testing

Static analysis with a static analyzer can be used to find defects such as uninitialized variables that could be difficult to catch with dynamic testing.

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6
Q

Which of the following statements about static testing is False?

A

Static analysis is applicable to executing test scripts

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7
Q

Question #3.1.11

Which of the following statements are characteristics of static testing, and which are characteristics of dynamic testing?

  1. Finds defects in work products directly.
  2. Better for ensuring internal quality (e.g. standards are followed).
  3. Finds defects through failures in execution.
  4. Easier and cheaper to find and fix security vulnerabilities (e.g. buffer overflow).
  5. Focuses on externally visible behaviours.
A

Static testing = 1, 2, 4

Dynamic testing = 3, 5

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8
Q

Which of the following statements BEST states the value of static testing

A

It can prevent defects later in the design and coding by uncovering issues in requirements

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9
Q

Which statement about the function of a static analysis tool is true?

A

Gives quality information about the code without executing it

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10
Q

Question #3.1.20

Which of the following types of defect are typically found in reviews rather than in dynamic testing?

I. Deviations from standards

II. Poor performance of the system

III. Poor maintainability of code

IV. Defects in requirements

A

I. Deviations from standards

III. Poor maintainability of code

IV. Defects in requirements

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11
Q

What statement about static analysis is true?

A

With static analysis, defects can be found that are difficult to find with dynamic testing

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12
Q

In which step of the review process do we check that the entry criteria are met?

A

Planning

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13
Q

In a formal review, who executes the control decisions in the event of inadequate outcomes?

A

Manager

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14
Q

In a formal review, who is the person on who the success of the review depends on him?

A

Facilitator

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15
Q

Which of the review types below is the BEST option to choose when the review must follow a formal process based on rules and checklists?

A

Inspection

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16
Q

Reviews

A

Inspection → Led by a trained facilitator and Uses entry and exit criteria

Peer review → No management participation

Informal review → Undocumented

Walkthrough → Led by author

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17
Q

What statement about reviews is true?

A

→ Inspections are led by a trained facilitator, whereas technical reviews are not necessarily

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18
Q

Which review type may take the form scenarios, dry, runs, or simulations?

A

Walkthrough

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19
Q

You are preparing for a review of a mobile application that will allow users to transfer money between bank accounts from different banks. Security is a concern with this applications and the previous version of this application had numerous security vulnerabilities. It is very important that this doesn’t happen again.

A

→ Checklist-based

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20
Q

Which of the following options are roles in a formal review?

A

Author, moderator, review leader, reviewer, scribe

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21
Q

Which activities are carried out within the planning of a formal review?

A

Definition and verification of fulfillment of entry criteria for the review.

The checking of entry criteria takes place in the planning of a formal review

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22
Q

Which of the review types below is the BEST option to choose when the review must follow a formal process based on rules and checklists?

A

Inspection

Inspection is a formal process based on rules and checklists

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23
Q

Question #3.2.04

You will be invited to a review. The work product to be reviewed is a description of the in-house document creation process. The aim of the description is to present the work distribution between the different roles involved in the process in a way that can be clearly understood by everyone. You will be invited to a checklist-based review. The checklist will also be sent to you. It includes the following points:

i. Is the person who performs the activity clearly identified for each activity?
ii. Are the entry criteria clearly defined for each activity?
iii. Are the exit criteria clearly defined for each activity?
iv. Are the supporting roles and their scope of work clearly defined for each activity?

In the following we show an excerpt of the work result to be reviewed, for which you should use the

checklist above:

“After checking the customer documentation for completeness and correctness, the software architect creates the system specification. Once the software architect has completed the system specification, he invites testers and verifiers to the review. A checklist describes the scope of the review. Each invited reviewer creates review comments - if necessary - and concludes the review with an official review done-comment.”

Which of the following statements about your review is correct?

A

Point i -> of the checklist has been violated because it is not clear who is providing the checklist for the invitation to the review

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24
Q

Which of the following statements on the use of checklists in a formal review is CORRECT?

A

As part of the review initiation, the reviewers receive the checklists needed for the review

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25
Q

Which of the following CORRECTLY matches the roles and responsibilities in a formal review?

A

Manager - Decides on the execution of reviews

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26
Q

Question 7:
Question #3.2.07

The reviews being used in your organization have the following attributes:

  • There is a role of a scribe
  • The purpose is to detect potential defects
  • The review meeting is led by the author
  • Reviewers find potential defects by individual review
  • A review report is produced

Which of the following review types is MOST likely being used?

A

Walkthrough

• The review meeting is led by the author – this is not allowed for inspections and is typically not the author for technical reviews, but is part of walkthroughs, and allowed for informal reviews

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27
Q

Question #3.2.08

You have been asked to take part in a checklist-based review of the following excerpt from the

requirements specification for a library system:

Librarians can:

  1. Register new borrowers
  2. Return books from borrowers
  3. Accept fines from borrowers
  4. Add new books to the system with their ISBN, author and title
  5. Remove books from the system
  6. Get system responses within 5 seconds

Borrowers can:

  1. Borrow a maximum of 3 books at one time
  2. View the history of books they have borrowed/reserved
  3. Be fined for failing to return a book within 3 weeks
  4. Get system responses within 3 seconds
  5. Borrow a book at no cost for a maximum of 4 weeks
  6. Reserve books (if they are on-loan)

All users (librarians and borrowers):

  1. Can search for books by ISBN, author, or title
  2. Can browse the system catalogue
  3. The system shall respond to user requests within 3 seconds
  4. The user interface shall be easy-to-use

You have been assigned the checklist entry that requires you to review the specification for inconsistencies between individual requirements (i.e. conflicts between requirements).

Which of the following CORRECTLY identifies inconsistencies between pairs of requirements?

A

• 6-10 – If librarians should get system responses within 5 seconds, it is NOT inconsistent for borrowers to get system responses within 3 seconds. • 6-15 - If librarians should get system responses within 5 seconds, it is inconsistent for all users to get system responses within 3 seconds. • 7-12 – If borrowers can borrow a maximum of 3 books at one time it is NOT inconsistent for them to also reserve books (if they are on-loan). • 9-11 – If a borrower can be fined for failing to return a book within 3 weeks it is inconsistent for them to also be allowed to borrow a book at no cost for 4 week

28
Q

In a formal review, what is the role name for the participant who runs an inspection meeting?

A

Facilitator

29
Q

During a period of intensive project overtime, a system architecture document is sent to various project participants, announcing a previously-unplanned technical review to occur in one week. No adjustments are made to the participants’ list of assigned tasks. Based on this information alone, which of the following is a factor for review success that is MISSING?

A

Adequate time to prepare

30
Q

In a formal review, which role is normally responsible for documenting all the open issues?

A

The scribe.

The scribe is normally responsible for documenting all issues, problems and open points. The author may take notes as well, but that is not their primary role.

31
Q

For a formal review, at what point in the process are the entry and exit criteria defined?

A

Planning

The entry and exit criteria should be defined during the planning step in the review process.

32
Q

If the author of the code is leading a code review for other developers and testers, what type of review is it?

A

A walkthrough.

When the author of the document being reviewed is leading the review, this is a typically a walkthrough.

33
Q

Of the following statements about reviews of specifications, which statement is true?

A

Reviews are a cost-effective early static test on the system

34
Q

What is the most important factor for successful performance of reviews?

A

Trained participants and review leaders

35
Q

When you sign up, you must give your first and last name, address and postcode or zip code, your mobile/cell phone number, your email address and set yourself a password.

When you log in, you must give the following details: last name, phone number and password. You are logged in until you select ‘Logout’ followed by answering ‘Yes’ to ‘Are you sure?’

You can update your details once you are logged in, but you need to confirm the change by entering a code sent to your phone. You then need to log in again.

In reviewing the specification above, which of the following are potential defects likely to be found by a user perspective review?

  1. Cannot log back in if not logged yourself out (e.g. when changing details).
  2. Incorrect format of the code sent to the phone.
  3. Buffer overflow for a postal address that is too long.
  4. Cannot change the phone number, as the code is sent to the old phone.
  5. When details are changed, they create a separate new record in the database.
A
  1. Cannot log back in if not logged yourself out (e.g. when changing details).
  2. Cannot change the phone number, as the code is sent to the old phone.
36
Q

Question #3.2.20

Given the following review process main activities and specific review activities:

a. Planning
b. Initiate review
c. Issue communication and analysis
d. Fixing and reporting
1. Creating defect reports
2. Estimating effort and timeframe
3. Recording updated status of defects
4. Selecting the people the participate
5. Distributing the work product and other material
6. Evaluating the review findings

Which of the following BEST matches the review process main activities with the appropriate specific review activities?

A 
2 - a
4 - a
5 - b
6 - c
1 - d
3 - d
37
Q

Which of the following CORRECTLY matches the roles and responsibilities in a formal review?

A

Scribe - Collates potential defects found during the individual review activity

38
Q

Given the following review types and review characteristics:

a. Pair review
b. Walkthrough
c. Technical review
d. Inspection
1. Formal
2. Informal
3. Purposes include evaluating the quality of the work product under review and generating new adieas (e.g., brainstorming solutions)
4. Purposes include improving the software product and training the review participants

Which of the following BEST matches the review type with the review characteristic?

A

a - 2
b - 4
c - 3
d - `1

39
Q

You are responsible for applying the correct technique for review of the requirements document for a project to develop a new software application. You identify the reviewers and the required roles, including the meeting leader, who is the requirements document author, and a separate role for scribe. Additionally, you decide to take a relatively informal approach to the requirements review. The goal of the review is to find defects in the requirements document such as omissions, inconsistencies, and duplications. Another goal of the review is to improve the software application’s usability and accessibility by considering the various stakeholder’s viewpoints.

A

This scenario is using a walkthrough review type and a perspective based review technique

40
Q

Question #3.2.24

Which of the following are most likely to enhance the formal review process?

I. Review software work products as soon as they are available and reasonably mature

II. Ensure that reviewers have clear, predefined objectives

III. Exclude customers, managers, and outside experts to minimize impact on problem solving

IV. Make use of checklists during the review to drive the process and aid reviewers

V. Conduct reviews just before coding and dynamic testing begins to find defects early and minimize costs of extra reviews

A

II. Ensure that reviewers have clear, predefined objectives

IV. Make use of checklists during the review to drive the process and aid reviewers

41
Q

A review performed by others with the same abilities to create the work product:

A

Peer review

42
Q

The Planning phase of a review process includes the following:

A

Checking that entry criteria are met

43
Q

Question #3.2.27

Success Factors for a review include:

I. Each Review does not have a predefined objective

II. Any checklists used address the main risks and are up to date

III. Participants have adequate time to prepare

IV. Reviews are conducted on small chunks

A

II. Any checklists used address the main risks and are up to date

III. Participants have adequate time to prepare

IV. Reviews are conducted on small chunks

44
Q

Which of the following statements are TRUE for informal reviews?

I. Main purpose is detecting potential defects

II. May be performed by a colleague of the author

III. The process must be documented

IV. May not involve a review meeting

A

I. Main purpose is detecting potential defects

II. May be performed by a colleague of the author

IV. May not involve a review meeting

45
Q

Question #3.2.29

Who is responsible for for review planning

A

Management

46
Q

Which of the statements about reviews are correct?

I. Reviews are useful because through their use defects can be found early resulting in cost savings

II. Reviews are useful because they help management understand the comparative skills of different developers

III. Testers should not get involved in specification reviews because it can bias them unfavorably

IV. Many early defects are found in reviews, lengthening the time needed for the development life cycle

A

I. Reviews are useful because through their use defects can be found early resulting in cost savings

47
Q

The Initiate review phase includes the following:

A

Explaining the scope and objectives

48
Q

Which of the following is a Key Characteristics of Walkthrough

A

Review meeting is typically led by the author of the work product

49
Q

What is the additional purpose of Informal review

A

Generating new ideas or solutions

50
Q

Which of the following are success factors for reviews?

I. Clear objectives for each review

II. Defects found are handled objectively

III. Participants avoid body language and behaviors that might indicate boredom

IV. People issues and psychological aspects are not reviewed

A

I. Clear objectives for each review

II. Defects found are handled objectively

III. Participants avoid body language and behaviors that might indicate boredom

51
Q

Which of the following is a purpose of the review ‘Issue communication and analysis’ activity?

A

Evaluating the review findings against the exit criteria

52
Q

Which of the following activities differentiate a walkthrough from a formal review?

A

For a walkthrough individual preparation by the reviewers is optional

53
Q

When conducting reviews, psychological sensitivity is required. Which mistake often occurs when conducting reviews and may lead to interpersonal problems within teams?

A

Testers and reviewers communicate defects as criticism against humans instead of against the software product

54
Q

In a review meeting a Author is a person who

A

Fixes defects in the work product under review

55
Q

Question #3.2.39

The Phases of formal review process is mentioned below arrange them in the correct order

I. Planning

II. Issue communication and analysis

III. Fixing and reporting

IV. Individual review

V. Initiate review

A

I , V, IV, II, III

56
Q

Question #3.2.40

Who are the persons involved in a Inspection:

I. Facilitator

II. Author

III. Scribe

IV. Assistant Manager

A

I. Facilitator

II. Author

III. Scribe

57
Q

Question #3.2.41

Who should may represent different perspectives

A

Reviewer

58
Q

Which statements correctly describe certain phases of a formal review?

A

Checking that entry criteria are met occurs during planning phase

Recording updated status of defects happen during fixing and reporting phase

59
Q

The person who decides on the execution of reviews

A

Management

60
Q

What type of review requires formal entry and exit criteria, including metrics:

A

Inspection

61
Q

What makes an Walkthrough different from other review types?

A

May vary in practice from quite different from other review types

62
Q

Question #3.2.47

Match the following formal review roles and responsibilities:

Roles:

I. Author

II. Review leader

III. Facilitator

IV. Reviewers

Responsibilities:

A. Is often the person upon whom the success of the review depends

B. Identify potential defects in the work product under review

C. Creates the work product under review

D. Takes overall responsibility for the review

A

I - C
II - D
III - A
IV - B

63
Q

Which expression best matches the following characteristics or review techniques:

I. Reviewers are provided with structured guidelines on how to read through the work product

II. Requires the reviewers to attempt to use the work product under review to generate the product they would derive from it

III. The main advantage is a systematic coverage of typical defect types

IV. Reviewers are provided with little or no guidance on how this task should be performed

A. Ad hoc

B. Checklist-based

C. Perspective-based

D. Scenario-based

A

A - IV
B - III
C - II
D - I

64
Q

Records new potential defects typically done by _________

A

Scribe

65
Q

Question #3.2.50

Which expression best matches the following characteristics or review techniques

I. Typical stakeholder viewpoints include end user, marketing, designer, tester, or operations.

II. The same principles apply as in perspective-based reading because the roles are similar.

III. Reviewers are provided with structured guidelines on how to read through the work product.

IV. A review checklist consists of a set of questions based on potential defects, which may be derived from experience.

A. Role-based

B. Perspective-based

C. Checklist-based

D. Scenarios and dry runs

A

A - II
B - I
C - IV
D - III

ISTQB (16 decks)

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