Chapter 4 pt.1 Flashcards
consistently obseerved differences (on average) among diverse groups of students (e.g. students of different genders or ethnic backgrounds)
group differences
a great deal of _______ exists between two groups
overlap
Many research studies have found girls to have slightly higher ______ ______ than boys.
verbal ability
We must be aware of group differences in the classroom, but the challenge is to keep differences in mind without either:
(1)
(2)
(1) imposing our own culturally based assumptions on what behaviors are “right” and “wrong”
(2) assuming that all members of a particular group fit typical group patterns
Our preconceptions about how students will perform may actually ________ differences among the students
increase
behaviors and belief systems of a long-standing social group
culture
Our culture guides the development of our __________ and _____________ skills.
language
communication
Our culture guides our expression and regulation of ________.
emotions
Our culture guides our formation of a sense of _____.
self
Our culture guides our _________ and _________ of emotions.
expression
regulation
people who have common historical roots, values, beliefs, and behaviors and who share a sense of interdependence
ethnic group
An ethnic group may be comprised of people of the same _____, ________ ______, or __________ background
race
national origin
religious
True or False: Culture continually adapts and change.
True
True or False: people in culture can agree and disagree with certain aspects in a culture
True
gradual process of adopting the values and customs of a new culture
acculturation
Some acculturation is critical for success in the new cultural environment, but what happens when you experience rapid acculturation?
Rapid acculturation can be detrimental to children’s social and emotional well-being
In general, membership in a particular cultural or ethnic group is a more-or-less _____________ rather than an either-or situation.
phenomenon
When school first begins, many children experience _________ _______- some confusion about the behaviors expected of them in this new setting.
culture shock
situation in which a child’s home culture and the school culture hold conflicting expectations for behavior
cultural mismatch
How can cultural mismatch be compounded by teachers?
When teachers misinterpret the behaviors of students from cultural and ethnic minority groups
Why would students actively resist adapting to their school culture?
Perhaps they view it as conflicting with their own cultural background and identity
form of English generally considered acceptable at school, as reflected in textbooks and grammar instruction
standard english
form of language that has certain unique pronunciations, idioms, and grammatical structures and is characteristic of a particular region or ethic group
dialect
dialect of some African-American communities that includes some pronunciations, idioms, and grammatical constructions different from those of Standard English
African-American English
Children and adolescents function most effectively when they can use both their local _______ and ________ _______ in appropriate settings.
dialect
Standard English
In what communities is it considered disrespectful for children to look adults directly in the eye?
(1) Native American
(2) African American
(3) Mexican American
(4) Puerto Rican
True or False: eye contact is the only true indicator if your students are paying attention
true
personally or culturally preferred distance between people during social interaction
personal space
adult-child interaction marked by adult initiation (usually involving a question), child response, and adult evaluation
IRE Cycle
length of time a teacher pauses, either after asking a question or hearing a student’s comment, before saying something
wait time
What should teachers consider increasing wait time for their students?
(1) encourages students fro diverse backgrounds to participate in discussions
(2) enhances thinking and learning
In many cultures- Native American, Mexican American, African, Southeast Asian, and Pacific Island communities- ______ achievement is valued over individual success
group
a zulu, word which reflects the belief that people become fully human largely through caring relationships with others and regular contributions to the common good
ubuntu
