Chapter 1 pt. 2 Flashcards
research study that explores possible associations among two or more variables
Correlational Studies
extent to which two variables are associated, such that when one variable increases, the other either increases or decreases somewhat predictably
correlation
Correlation does not indicate __________
causation
experimental studies involves both:
1.
2.
(1) the manipulation of one variable to determine its possible effect on another variable and
(2) control of additional variables that might potentially have an impact on the outcome; allows conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships
Correlational studies don’t enable?
conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships
In a good experiment a researcher separates and controls _________
variables
group of people in a research study who are given a particular experimental intervention
treatment groups
group of people in a research study who are given either no intervention or a placebo treatment that is unlikely to have an effect on the dependent variable
control group
research study that involves the manipulation of one variable to determine its possible effect on another variable, but without total control of additional variables that might have an impact on the outcome
quasi-experimental study
Experimental or Quasi-Experimental Study:
they don’t control for all potentially influential variables and can’t completely rule out alternative explanations for the results they obtain
Quasi-Experimental Study
Qualitative Research, doesn’t enable either __________ or _________ about cause-and-effect
predictions
conclusions
Qualitative Research, doesn’t enable either predictions or conclusions about _______-____-______
cause-and-effect
Qualitative Research is often used to explore the complex nature of ______ _________ in _______ settings
human behavior
social
Qualitative data is essentially __________ in nature
descriptive
A qualitative study tells us _____ things are rather than what _______ them
how
causes
When you conduct research always ask what?
(1) have the researchers separated and controlled variables that might influence the outcome
(2) have they ruled our there possible explanations for their results
When conducting research ______ and be ________
think
critical
integrated set of concepts and principles developed to explain a phenomenon
theory
Theories help us both to _______ and ______ human behavior
explain
predict
Theories help us both to explain and predict _______ _________
human behavior
research conducted by teachers and other school personnel to address issues and problems in their own schools or classrooms
action research
What are the steps in action research?
- Identify an area of focus
- collect data
- analyze and interpret the data
- develop an action plan
knowledge about effective methods of teaching a specific topic or content area
pedagogical content knowledge
When educating anywhere, you should learn as much as you can about the _________ of the community in which you are working
cultue(s)
Teachers should continually partake in _________ _______
reflective teaching
regular, ongoing examination and critique of one’s assumptions and instructional strategies, and revision of them as necessary to enhance students’ learning and development
reflective teaching
Teachers should ___________ and ___________ with colleagues
communicate
collaborate
Teachers should have _____-_________
self-efficacy
belief that one is capable of executing certain behaviors or reaching certain goals
self-efficacy
What are some strategies for studying and learning effectively?
(1) relate what you need to your existing knowledge and prior experiences
(2) actively consider how some new information might contradict your existing beliefs
(3) tie abstract concepts and principles to concrete examples
(4) elaborate on what you read, going beyond it and adding to it
(5) periodically check yourself to make sure you remember and understand what you have read
Why are theories important?
(1) they can serve as a foundation for how we teach
(2) the more a theory is tested the more it can be validated or unvalidated
(3) it helps us explain a phenomena
(4) help facilitate better learning
