Chapter 2 pt.1

Question 1

development of increasingly sophisticated thinking, reasoning, and language with age

Answer 1

cognitive development

Question 2

The four general principles of human development, characterize children’s _______, _________, ________, and _______ ___________

Answer 2

physical
cognitive
personal
social development

Question 3

similar patterns in how children change and progress over time regardless of their specific environment

Answer 3

universals

Question 4

appearance of a new, more advanced behavior that indicates significant

Answer 4

developmental milestones

Question 5

don’t jump to conclusions about what students can do based on ____

Answer 5

age

Question 6

development is often marked by periods of relatively rapid growth (______) between periods of slower growth (________)

Answer 6

spurts

plateaus

Question 7

_______ and ____________ interact in their effects of development

Answer 7

Heredity

environment

Question 8

Heredity and environment continues to guide a child’s growth through the process of __________

Answer 8

maturation

Question 9

occurrence of genetically controlled physical advancements as a child develops

Answer 9

maturation

Question 10

the degree to which various human characteristics are the result of ________ vs ____________ (nature vs nurture)

Answer 10

heredity vs environment

Question 11

age range during which a certain aspect of a child’s development is especially susceptible to environmental conditions

Answer 11

sensitive periods

Question 12

True or False: children have no say in their environment

Answer 12

False; they can choose their environment to some extent

Question 13

Any large society encompasses various layers of environment that all have significant impacts on children’s development:

1. the most basic level for most children is the _______
2. the _____________ and __________
3. a broader lever, the _______ (or __________) and _________
4. permeating and impacting all of the previous layers is a child’s _________

Answer 13

1. family
2. neighborhood, community
3. state (or province), country
4. culture

Question 14

behaviors and belief systems of a long-standing social group

Answer 14

culture

Question 15

in general, children’s environments are _________ systems

Answer 15

dynamic

Question 16

the brain has ________ cells

Answer 16

trillion

Question 17

about one hundred billion of cells in your brain are nerve cells, or ________

Answer 17

neurons

Question 18

cell in the brain or another part of the nervous system that transmits information to other cells

Answer 18

neuron

Question 19

each neuron has a ____ ______, which contains its _________ and is responsible for its general well-being

Answer 19

cell body

nucleus

Question 20

The neuron has numerous branchlike structures, called _________, that receive messages from other neurons

Answer 20

dendrites

Question 21

When dendrites become stimulated they become __________ __________

Answer 21

electrically charged

Question 22

when the charge reaches a certain level [in the dendrites], the neuron sends an electrical impulse along its ______ to the ________ ________

Answer 22

axons

terminal buttons

Question 23

In the dendrite, if the axon has a ______ ______, the impulse travels rapidly (leaping from _______ ________)

Answer 23

myelin sheath

myelin sheath

Question 24

a long armlike structure that transmits information on to still other neurons

Answer 24

axon

Question 25

In neurons, the ends of its branches have _________ _______ that contain certain chemical substances.

Sometime it is contain white, fatty coating called a _______ ________.

Answer 25

terminal buttons

myelin sheath

Question 26

True or False: neurons don’t actually touch each other

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Neurons send chemical messages to __________

Answer 27

synapses

Question 28

junction between two neurons that allows transmission of messages from one to the other

Answer 28

synapse

Question 29

electrical impulse moves along a neuron’s axon, and signals the terminal buttons to release chemicals known as ___________________

Answer 29

neurotransmitters

Question 30

chemical substance through which one neuron sends a message to another

Answer 30

neurotransmitters

Question 31

one to five trillion cells in the brain are ______ cells

Answer 31

glial

Question 32

cell in the brain that supports neurons or general brain functioning

Answer 32

glial cell