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psychobiology > Chapter 4 - Psychopharmacology > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Psychopharmacology Flashcards

0
Q

Neuromodulator

A

A chemical messenger that communicates with target cells more distant then the synapse by diffusing away from the point of release

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1
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

A chemical messenger that communicates across a synapse

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2
Q

Neurohormone

A

A chemical messenger that communicates with target cells at a great distance often by traveling through the circulation

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3
Q

Small-molecule transmitter

A

One of a group of chemical messengers that includes amino acids and amines

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4
Q

Neuropeptide

A

A peptide that acts as a neurotransmitter a Neuromodulator or a neurohormone

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5
Q

Amino acid

A

An essential component of proteins

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6
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

A major small-molecule neurotransmitter used at the neuromuscular junction, in the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system

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7
Q

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

A

An enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

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8
Q

Nicotinic receptor

A

A post synaptic receptor that responds to nicotine and ACh

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9
Q

Muscarinic receptor

A

A post synaptic receptor that responds to both ACh and muscarine

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10
Q

Monoamine

A

One of a major group of biogenic amine neurotransmitters including dopamine norepinephrine epinephrine and serotonin

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11
Q

Catecholamine

A

A member of a group of related biogenetic amines that includes dopamine epinephrine and norepinephrine

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12
Q

Indoleamine

A

One of a subgroup of mono amines including serotonin and melatonin

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13
Q

Monoamine oxidase

A

A enzyme that breaks down monoamines

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14
Q

L-Dopa

A

A substance produced during synthesis of catecholamines that is also administered as a treatment for Parkinson’s Disease

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15
Q

Dopamine

A

A major monoamine and catecholamines neurotransmitter implicated in motor control reward and psychosis

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16
Q

Norepinephrine

A

A major monoamine and catecholamines neurotransmitter

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17
Q

Epinephrine

A

One of the monoamine and carecholamine neurotransmitters also known as adrenaline

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18
Q

Serotonin

A

A major monoamine and indoleamine neurotransmitter believed to participate in the regulation of mood sleep and appetite

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19
Q

Glutamate

A

A major excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter

20
Q

Gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA

A

A major inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter

21
Q

Adenosine CNS

A

A byproduct of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that functions as a neurotransmitter

22
Q

Nitric oxide (NO)

A

A gas they performs a type of signaling between neurons

23
Q

Agonist

A

Substance that promotes the activity of a neurotransmitter

24
Q

Antagonist

A

Substance that reduces the action of a neurotransmitter

25
Q

Reserpine

A

A substance derived from a plant that depletes supplies of monoamines by interfering with the reputake of monoamines into the synaptic vesicles used to treat high blood pressure but often produces depression

26
Q

Botulism

A

A fatal condition produced by bacteria in spoiled food in which a toxin produced by the bacteria prevents the release of ACh

27
Q

Curare

A

A substance derived from Amazonian plants that causes paralysis by blocking the nictonic ACh receptor

28
Q

Benzodiazepine

A

A major tranquilizer that acts as a GABA agonist

29
Q

Barbiturate

A

A drug that produces strong sedation by acting as a GABA agonist used for amnesia and seizures

30
Q

Reputake inhibitor

A

Substance that interferes with the transport of released neurotransmitter molecules back into the presumaptic terminal

31
Q

Area prostrema

A

A brainstem area in which the blood barrier is more permeable that triggers vomiting in response to the detection of circulating toxins

32
Q

Addiction

A

A compulsive craving for drug effects or other experience

33
Q

Nucleus accumbens

A

A dopaminergic structure believed to participate in reward and addiction

34
Q

Psychoactive drug

A

A drug that produces changes in mental processes

35
Q

Caffeine

A

A stimulant drug found in coffee, tea cola and chocolate that acts as a antagonist to adenosine

36
Q

Nicotine

A

A stimulant drug that is the major active component found in tobacco

37
Q

Cocaine

A

A powerful addictive dopamine agonist derived from the leaves of the coca plant of South America

38
Q

Amphetamine

A

A highly addictive drug that acts as a potent dopamine agonist

39
Q

Methamphetamine

A

A variation of amphetamine that is cheaply produced and widely abused

40
Q

Ecstasy (MDMA(

A

a close relative of amphetamine that produces its behavioral effects by stimulating the release of serotonin

41
Q

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)

A

An illegal liquid sedative that appears to affect the thresholds of release for a number of neurotransmitters -date rape body building

42
Q

Morphine

A

A compound extracted from opium used to treat pain

43
Q

Codeine

A

An opium derivative used medically for cough suppression and pain relief

44
Q

Opiate

A

An active substance derived from the opium poppy

45
Q

Endorphin

A

A naturally occurring Neuropeptide that is very closely related to opioids

46
Q

Tetahydrocannabinol THC

A

The major ingredient in cannabis

47
Q

Anandamide

A

A naturally occurring brain chemical that interacts with cannabinol do receptors

psychobiology (11 decks)

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