Chapter 10 - Sexual Behaviour Flashcards
Y chromosomes
One of two types of sex chromosomes; individuals with a Y chromosome will usually develop into males
X chromosome
One of two types of sex chromosomes; individuals with two X chromosomes will usually develop into females
Turner syndrome
a condition caused by a XO genotype, characterised by frequent abnormalities of the ovaries and infertility
Klinefelter syndrome
A condition in males caused by XXY genotype, characterized by frequent problems with fertility, secondary sex characteristics and verbal skills
Gonads
The internal organs, ovaries in females and testes in males that produce reproductive cells (eggs and sperm) and secrete sex hormones
External genitalia
The external sex organs, including the penis and scrotum in males and the labia, clitoris and lower third of the vagina in females
Intersex
A condition in which elements of both male and female development occur in the same fetus
Ovaries
Female gonads; the source of ova and sex hormones
Testes
Male gonads; source of sperm and sex hormones
Sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY)
A gene located on the short arm of the Y chromosome that encodes for testis-determining factor
Testis-determining factor
A protein encoded by the SRY gene on the Y chromosome that turns the primordial gonads into testes
Wolffian system
The internal system that develops into seminal vesicles, vans deferens, and the prostate gland in males
Mullerian system
The internal system that develops into a uterus, Fallopian tubes, and the upper two thirds of the vagina in the absence of anti-mullerian hormone
Testosterone
An androgen produced primarily in the testes
Anti-mullerian hormone
A hormone secreted by fetal testes that causes the degeneration of mullerian system
Androgen
A steroid hormone that develops and maintains typically masculine characteristics
Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS)
A condition in which a genetic male fetus lacks androgen receptors, which leads to the development of female external genitalia and typically female gender identity and sexual behaviour
Gender identity
The sense of being male or female, independent of genetic sex or physical appearance
5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone
An androgen secreted by the testes that masculinizes the external genitalia
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
A condition in which a fetus is exposed to higher-than-normal androgens, resulting in masculinization of external genitalia and some cognitive behaviours in affected females
Secondary sex characteristics
Characteristics related to sex that appear at puberty including deepening voice and facial hair growth in males and widening hips and breast development in females
Estrogen
A steroid hormone that develops and maintains typically female characteristics
Estradiol
An estrogen hormone synthesized primarily in the ovaries
