Chapter 4- Principles of Infection Prevention and Control Flashcards
What is a HAI
Hospital Acquired Infection.
What are infections that dont occur in the hospital called
Community onset infection.
What are nosocminal infections?
Hospital onset infection.
What are the 3 elements that need to be present for transmission of an infection within a healthcare setting?
A source (reservoir) of pathogens, the route of transmission of the pathogen and a susceptible host.
What are the three main modes of pathogens for human hosts?
Contact, droplet and airborne.
What is obligate aerosol transmissions?
Under naturaal conditions diseases occurs after transmission of a microorganism only through airbone aerosols. eg mycobacterium TB
What is Preferential aerosol transmissions?
Natural infection results from transmissions through multplie routes but airbone tansmissions predominates. eg measles
What is oppertunistic aerosol transmissions?
Micro organisms that cause disease via other routes but due to everionmental conditions maybe transmitted via airbone transmission.
OSHA
Occupatinal Saftey and Health adminstration
Bactericidal
Methods of sanitization that kill bacteria
Bacteriostatic
Methods that inhibit the growth of bacteria
Sporicidal
Methods that destroy spores
Virucidial
Methods that destroy viruses
HICPAC
Healthcare Infection Conytol Practices Advisory Committee
How long should you be washing your hands
At least 15 seconds with plain or antiseptic soap.
Contact precautions
Intended to reduce risk for transmission via direct or indirect contact with the patient or the patients envrionment.
Cleaning
Removal of all dirt and organic material usually by washing. Can be accompanied by rubbing and brushing.
Disinfection
The process that destroys the vegetative form og many or all pathogenic organisms on an item excecpt for spores. eg pasturization
Sterilization
Destroys all the microorganism on the item or in a fluid.
In what way can bag mask devices be contaminated
Through medical personnel hands and through the conlonized airway of the patient
In what way can sucttion systems be contaminated
Hand hygenie, improper use of gloves
What are the 5 disinfection steps for bronchoscopes?
Clean, Disinfect, Rinse, Dry, Store.
VAC
Ventilator assited condition
IVAC
Infection related ventilator associted complication
PEEP
Positive end-expiratoy pressure.
FiO2
Fracture of inspired oxygen.
What is the most common high level disinfectant used on respiratory equipment
Glutaraldehyde
how long can HMEs be used before they need to be changed
96 hours
What is the percentage of paitents that acquire HAI’s
4%
