Chapter 4- Principles of Infection Prevention and Control

Question 1

What is a HAI

Answer 1

Hospital Acquired Infection.

Question 2

What are infections that dont occur in the hospital called

Answer 2

Community onset infection.

Question 3

What are nosocminal infections?

Answer 3

Hospital onset infection.

Question 4

What are the 3 elements that need to be present for transmission of an infection within a healthcare setting?

Answer 4

A source (reservoir) of pathogens, the route of transmission of the pathogen and a susceptible host.

Question 5

What are the three main modes of pathogens for human hosts?

Answer 5

Contact, droplet and airborne.

Question 6

What is obligate aerosol transmissions?

Answer 6

Under naturaal conditions diseases occurs after transmission of a microorganism only through airbone aerosols. eg mycobacterium TB

Question 7

What is Preferential aerosol transmissions?

Answer 7

Natural infection results from transmissions through multplie routes but airbone tansmissions predominates. eg measles

Question 8

What is oppertunistic aerosol transmissions?

Answer 8

Micro organisms that cause disease via other routes but due to everionmental conditions maybe transmitted via airbone transmission.

Question 9

OSHA

Answer 9

Occupatinal Saftey and Health adminstration

Question 10

Bactericidal

Answer 10

Methods of sanitization that kill bacteria

Question 11

Bacteriostatic

Answer 11

Methods that inhibit the growth of bacteria

Question 12

Sporicidal

Answer 12

Methods that destroy spores

Question 13

Virucidial

Answer 13

Methods that destroy viruses

Question 14

HICPAC

Answer 14

Healthcare Infection Conytol Practices Advisory Committee

Question 15

How long should you be washing your hands

Answer 15

At least 15 seconds with plain or antiseptic soap.

Question 16

Contact precautions

Answer 16

Intended to reduce risk for transmission via direct or indirect contact with the patient or the patients envrionment.

Question 17

Cleaning

Answer 17

Removal of all dirt and organic material usually by washing. Can be accompanied by rubbing and brushing.

Question 18

Disinfection

Answer 18

The process that destroys the vegetative form og many or all pathogenic organisms on an item excecpt for spores. eg pasturization

Question 19

Sterilization

Answer 19

Destroys all the microorganism on the item or in a fluid.

Question 20

In what way can bag mask devices be contaminated

Answer 20

Through medical personnel hands and through the conlonized airway of the patient

Question 21

In what way can sucttion systems be contaminated

Answer 21

Hand hygenie, improper use of gloves

Question 22

What are the 5 disinfection steps for bronchoscopes?

Answer 22

Clean, Disinfect, Rinse, Dry, Store.

Question 23

VAC

Answer 23

Ventilator assited condition

Question 24

IVAC

Answer 24

Infection related ventilator associted complication

Question 25

PEEP

Answer 25

Positive end-expiratoy pressure.

Question 26

FiO2

Answer 26

Fracture of inspired oxygen.

Question 27

What is the most common high level disinfectant used on respiratory equipment

Answer 27

Glutaraldehyde

Question 28

how long can HMEs be used before they need to be changed

Answer 28

96 hours

Question 29

What is the percentage of paitents that acquire HAI’s

Answer 29

4%