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Medical assistant exam > Chapter 4 pathophysiology > Flashcards

Chapter 4 pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

the study of all factors that cause a disease

A

etiology

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2
Q

pertaining to an infection acquired in a hospital

A

nosocomial

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3
Q

increase in size of cells or an organ

A

hypertrophy

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4
Q

inadequate oxygenated blood supply to an organ or tissue

A

ischemia

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5
Q

an area of dead cells due to lack of oxygen

A

infarction

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6
Q

an area of necrotic tissue caused by bacteria or loss of blood supply

A

gangrene

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7
Q

a marker on the surface of the cell that indicates the cell as self or nonself

A

antigen

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8
Q

what is the source of stem cells and lymphocytes

A

bone marrow

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9
Q

any abnormality present at birth

A

congenital

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10
Q

birth disorder that causes a buildup of amino acid in the blood

A

phenylketonuria (PKU)

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11
Q

a progressive degeneration of the skeletal muscles

A

muscular dystrophy

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12
Q

the new and abnormal growth of cells

A

neoplasia

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13
Q

a decrease in the size of cells resulting in reduced tissue mass

A

atrophy

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14
Q

what are the 4 types of arthritis?

A
  1. arthritis
  2. osteoarthritis
  3. rheumatoid arthritis
  4. gout
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15
Q

disease of arterial vessels characterized by thickening/hardening of the arteries

A

arteriosclerosis

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16
Q

accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac

A

cardiac tamponade

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17
Q

inherited disorder that causes production of abnormally thick mucus

A

cystic fibrosis

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18
Q

the passage of food or fluid into the trachea and lungs

A

aspiration

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19
Q

infectious inflammation of the liver

A

hepatitis (A or B)

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20
Q

what are the 3 types of hernias and where are they located?

A
  1. hiatal - diaphragm
  2. inguinal - groin
  3. umbilical - stomach
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21
Q

total hearing loss

A

anacusis

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22
Q

failure to produce urine

A

anuria

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23
Q

painful urination

A

dysuria

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24
Q

involuntary discharge of urine

A

enuresis

25
Q

inflammation of the urinary bladder

A

cystitis

26
Q

the absence of menstruation at puberty

A

amenorrhea

27
Q

toxemia of pregnancy

A

eclampsia

28
Q

enlargement of the prostate gland

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

29
Q

what is the name of the condition caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone before puberty?

A

gigantism

30
Q

which STD is known as the “silent STD?”

A

chlamydia

31
Q

failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum is called

A

cryptorchidism

32
Q

which disease is caused by excess growth hormone?

A

acromegaly

33
Q

what is the term for inflammation/swelling of the brain?

A

encephalitis

34
Q

an enlargement of the thyroid gland

A

goiter

35
Q

blood in the pleural (lungs) cavity

A

hemothorax

36
Q

what is the term for uterine bleeding at any time other than during menstruation?

A

metorrhagia

37
Q

which skin disorder involves red patches covered by silvery scales?

A

psoriosis

38
Q

inflammation of joints

A

arhtirits

39
Q

what type of arthritis affects weight bearing joints?

A

osteoarthritis

40
Q

what type of arthritis is characterized by chronic systemic inflammation?

A

rheumatoid arthritis

41
Q

what type of arthritis is characterized by the accumulation of uric acid cyrystals?

A

gout

42
Q

abnormal levels of protein in the urine indicate…

A

renal (kidney) dysfunction and preeclampsia

43
Q

The intermediary products of fat and protein metabolism in the body are called

A

ketone bodies

44
Q

what is the term for high blood pressure during pregnancy?

A

pre/eclampsia

45
Q

growing bacteria in a lab from urine samples to diagnosis infections such as a UTI

A

urine culture

46
Q

an O&P specimen is examined for…

A
  • parasites/protozoa
  • ova/eggs
47
Q

what is the average urine output for an adult?

A

1,250 mL or 5 cups q 24 hours

48
Q

the term occult means…

A

hidden

49
Q

paralysis of both sides of any body part

A

diplegia

50
Q

paralysis of one extremity

A

monoplegia

51
Q

paralysis of the lower trunk/extremities

A

paraplegia

52
Q

paralysis of the lower and upper extremities

A

quadriplegia

53
Q

paralysis of one side of the body

A

hemiplegia

54
Q

type of anemia characterized by lack of intrinsic factor

A

pernicious

55
Q

type of anemia characterized by bone marrow no longer producing red blood cells

A

aplastic

56
Q

type of anemia characterized by the RBC’s developing in a half-moon shape

A

sickle cell

57
Q

type of anemia characterized by the overproduction of RBC’s resulting in thicker blood that is unable to easily move throughout the body

A

polycythemia

58
Q

what type of anemia is resulted from a general lack of iron

A

iron-deficiency anemia

Medical assistant exam (22 decks)

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