Chapter 4 pathophysiology Flashcards
the study of all factors that cause a disease
etiology
pertaining to an infection acquired in a hospital
nosocomial
increase in size of cells or an organ
hypertrophy
inadequate oxygenated blood supply to an organ or tissue
ischemia
an area of dead cells due to lack of oxygen
infarction
an area of necrotic tissue caused by bacteria or loss of blood supply
gangrene
a marker on the surface of the cell that indicates the cell as self or nonself
antigen
what is the source of stem cells and lymphocytes
bone marrow
any abnormality present at birth
congenital
birth disorder that causes a buildup of amino acid in the blood
phenylketonuria (PKU)
a progressive degeneration of the skeletal muscles
muscular dystrophy
the new and abnormal growth of cells
neoplasia
a decrease in the size of cells resulting in reduced tissue mass
atrophy
what are the 4 types of arthritis?
- arthritis
- osteoarthritis
- rheumatoid arthritis
- gout
disease of arterial vessels characterized by thickening/hardening of the arteries
arteriosclerosis
accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac
cardiac tamponade
inherited disorder that causes production of abnormally thick mucus
cystic fibrosis
the passage of food or fluid into the trachea and lungs
aspiration
infectious inflammation of the liver
hepatitis (A or B)
what are the 3 types of hernias and where are they located?
- hiatal - diaphragm
- inguinal - groin
- umbilical - stomach
total hearing loss
anacusis
failure to produce urine
anuria
painful urination
dysuria
involuntary discharge of urine
enuresis
inflammation of the urinary bladder
cystitis
the absence of menstruation at puberty
amenorrhea
toxemia of pregnancy
eclampsia
enlargement of the prostate gland
benign prostatic hyperplasia
what is the name of the condition caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone before puberty?
gigantism
which STD is known as the “silent STD?”
chlamydia
failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum is called
cryptorchidism
which disease is caused by excess growth hormone?
acromegaly
what is the term for inflammation/swelling of the brain?
encephalitis
an enlargement of the thyroid gland
goiter
blood in the pleural (lungs) cavity
hemothorax
what is the term for uterine bleeding at any time other than during menstruation?
metorrhagia
which skin disorder involves red patches covered by silvery scales?
psoriosis
inflammation of joints
arhtirits
what type of arthritis affects weight bearing joints?
osteoarthritis
what type of arthritis is characterized by chronic systemic inflammation?
rheumatoid arthritis
what type of arthritis is characterized by the accumulation of uric acid cyrystals?
gout
abnormal levels of protein in the urine indicate…
renal (kidney) dysfunction and preeclampsia
The intermediary products of fat and protein metabolism in the body are called
ketone bodies
what is the term for high blood pressure during pregnancy?
pre/eclampsia
growing bacteria in a lab from urine samples to diagnosis infections such as a UTI
urine culture
an O&P specimen is examined for…
- parasites/protozoa
- ova/eggs
what is the average urine output for an adult?
1,250 mL or 5 cups q 24 hours
the term occult means…
hidden
paralysis of both sides of any body part
diplegia
paralysis of one extremity
monoplegia
paralysis of the lower trunk/extremities
paraplegia
paralysis of the lower and upper extremities
quadriplegia
paralysis of one side of the body
hemiplegia
type of anemia characterized by lack of intrinsic factor
pernicious
type of anemia characterized by bone marrow no longer producing red blood cells
aplastic
type of anemia characterized by the RBC’s developing in a half-moon shape
sickle cell
type of anemia characterized by the overproduction of RBC’s resulting in thicker blood that is unable to easily move throughout the body
polycythemia
what type of anemia is resulted from a general lack of iron
iron-deficiency anemia
