Chapter 4 pathophysiology

Question 1

the study of all factors that cause a disease

Answer 1

etiology

Question 2

pertaining to an infection acquired in a hospital

Answer 2

nosocomial

Question 3

increase in size of cells or an organ

Answer 3

hypertrophy

Question 4

inadequate oxygenated blood supply to an organ or tissue

Answer 4

ischemia

Question 5

an area of dead cells due to lack of oxygen

Answer 5

infarction

Question 6

an area of necrotic tissue caused by bacteria or loss of blood supply

Answer 6

gangrene

Question 7

a marker on the surface of the cell that indicates the cell as self or nonself

Answer 7

antigen

Question 8

what is the source of stem cells and lymphocytes

Answer 8

bone marrow

Question 9

any abnormality present at birth

Answer 9

congenital

Question 10

birth disorder that causes a buildup of amino acid in the blood

Answer 10

phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 11

a progressive degeneration of the skeletal muscles

Answer 11

muscular dystrophy

Question 12

the new and abnormal growth of cells

Answer 12

neoplasia

Question 13

a decrease in the size of cells resulting in reduced tissue mass

Answer 13

atrophy

Question 14

what are the 4 types of arthritis?

Answer 14

1. arthritis
2. osteoarthritis
3. rheumatoid arthritis
4. gout

Question 15

disease of arterial vessels characterized by thickening/hardening of the arteries

Answer 15

arteriosclerosis

Question 16

accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac

Answer 16

cardiac tamponade

Question 17

inherited disorder that causes production of abnormally thick mucus

Answer 17

cystic fibrosis

Question 18

the passage of food or fluid into the trachea and lungs

Answer 18

aspiration

Question 19

infectious inflammation of the liver

Answer 19

hepatitis (A or B)

Question 20

what are the 3 types of hernias and where are they located?

Answer 20

1. hiatal - diaphragm
2. inguinal - groin
3. umbilical - stomach

Question 21

total hearing loss

Answer 21

anacusis

Question 22

failure to produce urine

Answer 22

anuria

Question 23

painful urination

Answer 23

dysuria

Question 24

involuntary discharge of urine

Answer 24

enuresis

Question 25

inflammation of the urinary bladder

Answer 25

cystitis

Question 26

the absence of menstruation at puberty

Answer 26

amenorrhea

Question 27

toxemia of pregnancy

Answer 27

eclampsia

Question 28

enlargement of the prostate gland

Answer 28

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 29

what is the name of the condition caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone before puberty?

Answer 29

gigantism

Question 30

which STD is known as the “silent STD?”

Answer 30

chlamydia

Question 31

failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum is called

Answer 31

cryptorchidism

Question 32

which disease is caused by excess growth hormone?

Answer 32

acromegaly

Question 33

what is the term for inflammation/swelling of the brain?

Answer 33

encephalitis

Question 34

an enlargement of the thyroid gland

Answer 34

goiter

Question 35

blood in the pleural (lungs) cavity

Answer 35

hemothorax

Question 36

what is the term for uterine bleeding at any time other than during menstruation?

Answer 36

metorrhagia

Question 37

which skin disorder involves red patches covered by silvery scales?

Answer 37

psoriosis

Question 38

inflammation of joints

Answer 38

arhtirits

Question 39

what type of arthritis affects weight bearing joints?

Answer 39

osteoarthritis

Question 40

what type of arthritis is characterized by chronic systemic inflammation?

Answer 40

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 41

what type of arthritis is characterized by the accumulation of uric acid cyrystals?

Answer 41

gout

Question 42

abnormal levels of protein in the urine indicate…

Answer 42

renal (kidney) dysfunction and preeclampsia

Question 43

The intermediary products of fat and protein metabolism in the body are called

Answer 43

ketone bodies

Question 44

what is the term for high blood pressure during pregnancy?

Answer 44

pre/eclampsia

Question 45

growing bacteria in a lab from urine samples to diagnosis infections such as a UTI

Answer 45

urine culture

Question 46

an O&P specimen is examined for…

Answer 46

• parasites/protozoa
• ova/eggs

Question 47

what is the average urine output for an adult?

Answer 47

1,250 mL or 5 cups q 24 hours

Question 48

the term occult means…

Answer 48

hidden

Question 49

paralysis of both sides of any body part

Answer 49

diplegia

Question 50

paralysis of one extremity

Answer 50

monoplegia

Question 51

paralysis of the lower trunk/extremities

Answer 51

paraplegia

Question 52

paralysis of the lower and upper extremities

Answer 52

quadriplegia

Question 53

paralysis of one side of the body

Answer 53

hemiplegia

Question 54

type of anemia characterized by lack of intrinsic factor

Answer 54

pernicious

Question 55

type of anemia characterized by bone marrow no longer producing red blood cells

Answer 55

aplastic

Question 56

type of anemia characterized by the RBC’s developing in a half-moon shape

Answer 56

sickle cell

Question 57

type of anemia characterized by the overproduction of RBC’s resulting in thicker blood that is unable to easily move throughout the body

Answer 57

polycythemia

Question 58

what type of anemia is resulted from a general lack of iron

Answer 58

iron-deficiency anemia