Chapter 4 Part 2

Question 1

Reid’s Experiment

Answer 1

Demonstrated maggots came from flies not air.
-placed meat in 3 jars, one with lid, one with film, and one with lid.

Question 2

Pasteur’s Experiment

Answer 2

showed that mircro-organisms can only arise from micro-organisms.
-boiled broth with access to dust. boiled another with no access to dust.
-result: access to dust grew micro-organisms.

Question 3

Conditions of early Earth

Answer 3

-Hot with no water, only in vapor
-vaper cooled as rain and formed oceans (stable hemisphere)
-During cooling, rocks dissolved in water. causing potential chem reactions. but comets created a too much heat for any potential life to survive.

Question 4

Theory of Chemical Evolution

Answer 4

conditions in primitive Earth led to formation of simple molecules such as amino acids which led to the formation of life.

Question 5

Theory of Life Coming outside of Earth

Answer 5

some meteorites contain molecules such as purines, pyrimidines and amino acids.
-is questionable

Question 6

Miller and Urey Experimentz

Answer 6

-showed organic compounds can be generated under conditions likely present in primitive Earth.- but needs proteins, does not yet support chem evolution
-set up atmosphere containing gases present in primitive Earth->electric spark to simulate lightning (cause chem r.) -> cooled and let gases condense (ocean) -> small molecules formed small organic molecules.

Question 7

Catalyst

Answer 7

molecules that speed up chemical reactions including condensation and hydrolysis. some are protein enzyme
-is key to move from monomers to polymers.
-brings to question proteins and nucleic acid
-RNA world hypethesis

Question 8

RNA World Hypothesis

Answer 8

In a world before DNA, RNA was the blueprint for protein synthesis and a catalyst for its own replication. Infor storage molecules of DNA could have evolved from RNA.

Question 9

Protocell

Answer 9

composed of lipid bilayer and allows water inside. forms a bubble and spherical shape. allows molecules such as sugars and nucleotides through. Nucleotides copy an already present RNA.

Question 10

What remains did microfossils have?

Answer 10

Had a certain ratio of carbon isotopes indicating the cells could be cyanobacteria that could perform photosynthesis.

Question 11

How are protocells a model for the evolution of cells?

Answer 11

-organized of parts with substances interacting, in some cases catalytically.
-interior is distinct from exterior environment.
-capable of limited replication.