Chapter 9 Part 1

Question 1

Principles of metabolic pathways

Answer 1

-complex transformations occur in a series of separate reactions
-each enzyme is catalyzed by a specific enzyme
-many metabolic pathways are similar in all organisms
-in eukaryotes, metabolic pathways are compartmentalized in specific organelles
-key enzymes can be inhibited or activated to alter the rate of the pathway.

Question 2

Redox Reaction

Answer 2

one substance transfers electrons to other substances

Question 3

reduction

Answer 3

gain of electrons

Question 4

oxidation

Answer 4

loss of electrons

Question 5

oxidizing agent

Answer 5

reactant that becomes reduced (gains)

Question 6

reducing agent

Answer 6

oxidized (lost)

Question 7

not only can reactions transfer electrons redox can happen with ____

Answer 7

electronegativity.
-ex. o has higher electronegativity and becomes reduced.

Question 8

____ can be thought of as electrons

Answer 8

hydrogen ions

Question 9

NAD plus becomes ___ and is a carrier of electrons

Answer 9

oxidized

Question 10

NADH is ____ and is a donor

Answer 10

reduced

Question 11

Energy input of glycolysis

Answer 11

2 ATP consumes in steps 1-5

Question 12

Glycolysis takes place in

Answer 12

the cytoplasm

Question 13

Energy output

Answer 13

2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 14

Carbon input in glycolysis

Answer 14

glucose

Question 15

carbon output in glycolysis

Answer 15

2 pyruvates

Question 16

what types of reactions occur in glycolysis

Answer 16

redox reactions and substrate level phosphorylation.

Question 17

substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 17

step 7, energy released transfers a phosphate to ADP forming ATP