Chapter 4 - Nervous System

Question 1

What is the function of astrocytes

Answer 1

• nourish neutrons
• form blood brain barrier
  - controls transmission of soutes from the bloodstream into the nervous system

Question 2

Ependymal cells

Answer 2

Line ventricles of the brain

- produce cerebrospinal fluid

Question 3

Microglia

Answer 3

Phagocytic cells that ingest and break down waste products and pathogens in CNS

Question 4

Where are oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells found? What do they produce

Answer 4

Oligodendrocytes: CNS
Schwann Cells: PNS

Produce myelin around axons

Question 5

What is summation? What are the two types?

Answer 5

The additive effect of multiple signals (some excitatory, some inhibitory)

Temporal: multiple signals in short period of time

Spatial: additive effects based on number and location of incoming signals

Question 6

What are Reuptake Crarriers?

Answer 6

Bring neurotransmitters back into the presynaptic neuron

Question 7

The brain consists of white matter and grey matter, whats the difference?

Answer 7

White: axons encased in myelin sheaths

• deeper than grey

Grey: unmeyelinated cell bodies and dendrites

Question 8

What are the two types.
Reflex arcs?

Answer 8

Monosynaptic: single synapse between sensory neuron that receives stimulus and motor neuron that responds to it
- knee jerk reflex

Polysynaptic: at least one interneuron between sensory and motor neurons.

Question 9

Motor neurons exit the spinal chord __________ , while sensory enter _________

Answer 9

Motor exit ventrally

Sensory enter dorsally