Chapter 1 - The Cell

Question 1

What are microfilaments made up of?

Answer 1

Actin

Question 2

What is the region where prokaryotes contain DNA?

Answer 2

Nucleoid

Question 3

Obligate aerobes

Answer 3

Require oxygen

Question 4

Anaerobes

Answer 4

Don’t require oxygen

Question 5

Obligate anaerobes

Answer 5

Can’t survive with oxygen enviro

Question 6

Facultative anaerobes

Answer 6

Can switch between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism

Question 7

Aerotolerant anaerobes

Answer 7

Tolerant but can’t use oxygen

Question 8

What are the three recombination processes for bacterial species? (Just list them)

Answer 8

1) Transformation
2) Conjugation
3) Transduction

Question 9

Transformation

Answer 9

Upon lysing, bacteria can spill their contents in the vicinity of a another bacteria capable of transformation

**gram- negative rods can do this!!

Question 10

Conjugation

Answer 10

Bacterial form of mating

Must require sex factors for both bacteria
- bacteria 1 can donate F+ to bacteria two, and then they can form the bridge

Question 11

Transduction

Answer 11

Requires a vector (virus)

Question 12

Phases of bacterial growth

Answer 12

1) lag phase: adapt to new local conditions
2) exponential phase
3) stationary phase
4) cell death (enviro can no longer support bacteria)

Question 13

What is a virus composed of?

Answer 13

• either DNA or RNA
• protein coat
• sometimes an envelope containing lipids

Question 14

What is a capsid?

Answer 14

A protein coat on a virus

Question 15

What is a positive sense virus?

Answer 15

a single stranded RNA virus that the genome may be directly translated to functional proteins by ribosomes of the host cell

*just like mRNA

Question 16

What is negative sense virus?

Answer 16

RNA (single stranded) virus

• require synthesis of an RNA strand complementary to the neg sense RNA strand
• > this gets used as template for protein synth

***these viruses need to carry an RNA replicase