Chapter 2 - Reproduction Flashcards
What is the ‘restriction point’ in the cell cycle, and what main protein is involved ?
RP is the checkpoint in between G1 and S phase of the cycle. Any DNA damage puts cycle into arrest until it is repaired.
Main protein P53
What is the purpose of the G2/M checkpoint and what main protein is involved?
Cell has achieved adequate size and organelles are properly replicated to support daughter cells.
p53
What molecules are responsible for cell cycle and how do they work?
Cycling and Cyclin Dépendent kinases (CDKs)
- during cycle, cyclins are produced which bind to CDKs creating a cyclin-CDK complex. This complex phosphorylates transcriptions factors, which in turn promote gene transcription required for the next stage of the cell cycle
What may result when cell cycle control becomes deranged but the damaged cells still undergo mitosis?
Cancer
What happens when the gene that is mutated?
Cell cycle doesn’t stop to repair damaged DNA.
- mutations accumulate creating Tumors
What do you call the distant spread of cancerous cells through the bloodstream or lymphatic system?
Metastasis
Draw out Male Reproductive Anatomy and label 10 parts
See one note ‘diagram’
- ureter, urinary bladder, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, prostate gland, bublourethral gland, urethra, epididymis, testis
Two functional components of the Testes and what are their functions?
Seminiferous Tubules: where sperm are produced (nourished in the Sertoli cells)
Interstitial Cells( of Leydig): secrete testosterone and other androgens
Where are sperm stored once formed?
Epididymis
What is the purpose of seminal vesicles ?
- Nourish the sperm with fructose
- along with prostate gland, give the fluid mildly alkaline properties so that sperm can survive in the acidic female tract
What is the bulbourethral gland?
Produce clear viscous fluid that
1) cleans out remnants of urine
2) lubes the urethra during sexual arousal
Label the pathway of sperm through the male reproductive system
SEVE(N) UP
```
S: Seminiferous Tubules
E: epididymis
V: Vas Deferens
E: Ejaculatory Duct
Nothing
U: Urethra
P: Penis
~~~
Where does spermatogenesis occur?
In the seminiferous tubules
Key points of Spermatogensis
Spermatogonia -> replicate (s stage) -> diploid PRIMARY spermatocytes -> secondary (n) spermatocytes -> haploid spermatids —> maturation to become spermatozoa
What hormones do the ovaries produce and where are they located?
Estrogen and progesterone
- pelvic cavity
