Chapter 4 - Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

Question

metatars/o

Answer 1

metatarsals

Answer 2

bone marrow, spinal chord

Answer 3

child, foot

Answer 4

crooked, bent

Answer 5

synovial membrane

Answer 6

synovial memrane

Answer 7

immature, embryonic

Answer 8

to surgically break

Answer 9

stabilize, fuse

Answer 10

joint pain

Answer 11

puncture to withdraw fluid from a joint

Answer 12

surgically breaking a joint

Answer 13

fusion of a joint

Answer 14

record of a joint

Answer 15

joint inflammation

Answer 16

incision into a joint

Answer 17

instrument to view inside a joint

Answer 18

removal of a bursa

Answer 19

inflammation of a bursa

Answer 20

removal of cartilage

Answer 21

cartilage softening

Answer 22

cartilage tumor

Answer 23

surgical repair of cartilage

Answer 24

pertaining to the outer portion

Answer 25

pertaining to inside the skull

Answer 26

incision into the skull

Answer 27

pertaining to the inner portion

Answer 28

bone marrow tumor

Answer 29

bone and cartilage tumor

Answer 30

to surgically break a bone

Answer 31

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

Answer 32

incision into a bone

Answer 33

bone disease

Answer 34

instrument to cut bone

Answer 35

inflammation of the synovial membrane

Answer 36

removal of the synovial membrane

Answer 37

pertaining to between vertebrae

Answer 38

the mass of bone tissue that forms at a fracture site during its healing

Answer 39

application of solid material to immobilize an extremity or portion of the body as a result of a fracture, dislocation, or severe injury. May be made of plaster, Paris or fiberglass

Answer 40

healthcare profession concerned with the diagnosis an treatment of malalignment conditions of the spine and musculoskeletal system with the intention of affecting the nervous system and improving health.

Answer 41

the noise produced by bones or cartilage rubbing together in conditions such as arthritis. Also called crepitus

Answer 42

a bone spur

Answer 43

abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine. Also known as hunchback or humback

Answer 44

abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine. Also known as swayback.

Answer 45

Branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the musculoskeletal system.

Answer 46

a brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities person skilled in making and adjusting orthotics is an orthotist

Answer 47

healthcare profession specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the feet and lower legs. healthcare professional is called a podiatrist

Answer 48

artificial device that is used as a substitute for a body part that is either congenitally missing or absent as a result of accident or disease. ex(artificial leg)

Answer 49

Healthcare profession specializing in making artificial body parts. person skilled in making and adjusting prostheses is a prosthetist.

Answer 50

fracture in which there is no open skin wound Simple fracture

Answer 51

common type of wrist fracture

Answer 52

fracture in which the bone is shattered, splintered, or crushed into many small pieces or fragments

Answer 53

fracture in which the skin has been broken through to the fracture. also called an open fracture

Answer 54

fracture involving loss of height of a vertebral body. It may be the result of trauma, but in older persons, especially women, it may be caused by conditions like osteoporosis.

Answer 55

a broken bone.

Answer 56

fracture in which there is an incomplete break; one side of the bone is broken and the other is bent. commonly found in children due to their softer

Answer 57

fracture in which bone fragments are pushed into each other

Answer 58

fracture at an angle to the bone

Answer 59

fracture caused by diseased or weakened bone

Answer 60

fracture in which the fracture line spirals around the shaft of the bone. can be caused by a twisting injury, often slower to heal than other types of fractures

Answer 61

a slight fracture caused by repetitive low-impact forces, like running rather than a single forceful impact

Answer 62

complete fracture that is straight across the bone at right angles to the long axis of the bone

Answer 63

malignant growth found in the shaft of long bones that spreads through the periosteum. Removal is treatment of choice, because this tumor will metastasize

Answer 64

the most common type of bone cancer, usually begins in osteocytes found at ends of long bones

Answer 65

softening of the bones, caused by a deficiency of calcium. In children, cause is insufficient sunlight and vitamin D

Answer 66

decrease in bone mass that results in thinning and weakening of the bone with resulting fractures. The bone becomes more porous, especially in the spine and pelvis

Answer 67

a fairly common metabolic disease of the bone from unknown causes . Usually attacks middle aged and elderly, characterized by bone destruction and deformity. Named for sir James Paget, a british surgeon,

Answer 68

deficiency in calcium, vitamin D, found in early childhood that results in bone deformities. especially bowed legs.

Answer 69

inflammatory spinal condition that resembles rheumatoid arthritis. Results in gradual stiffening and fusion of the vertebrae. more common in men than women

Answer 70

herniation or protrusion of an intervertebral disk, also called herniated disk or ruptured disk. May require surgery

Answer 71

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Answer 72

congenital anomaly that occurs when a vertebra fails to form fully around the spinal chord

Answer 73

narrowing of the spinal canal causing pressure on the chord and nerves

Answer 74

the forward sliding of a lumbar vertebra over the vertebra below it

Answer 75

specifically refers to ankylosing of the spine, but commonly used in reference to any degenerative condition of the vertebral column

Answer 76

injury to the bones in the cervical spine as a result of a sudden movement forward and backward of the head and neck. Can occur as a result of a rear end auto collision.

Answer 77

inflammation of the bursa of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (base of the big toe)

Answer 78

occurs when the bones in a joint are displaced from their normal alignment and the ends of the bones are no longer in contact.

Answer 79

arthritis resulting in degeneration of the bones and joints, especially those bearing weight. Results in bone rubbing against bone.

Answer 80

Chronic form of arthritis with inflammation of the joints, swelling, stiffness, pain and changes in the cartilage that can result in crippling deformities; considered to be an autoimmune disease

Answer 81

Damage to the ligaments surrounding a joint due to overstretching, but no dislocation of the joint or fracture of the bone

Answer 82

an incomplete dislocation, the joint alignment is disrupted, but the ends of the bones remain in contact

Answer 83

chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of connective tissue affects many systems that may include joint pain and arthritis. May be mistaken for rheumatoid arthritis.

Answer 84

congenital deformity causing misalignment of the ankle joint and foot. Also referred to as a clubfoot

Answer 85

visualization of a joint by radiographic study after injection of a contrast medium into the joint space

Answer 86

A nuclear medicine procedure in which the patient is given radioactive dye and then scanning equipment is used to visualize bones. It is especially useful in identifying stress fractures, observing progress of treatment for osteomyelitis and locating cancer metastases to the bone

Answer 87

measurement of bone density using low dose of x-ray for the purpose of detecting osteoporosis

Answer 88

study of the spinal column after injecting opaque contrast material particularly useful in identifying herniated nucleus pulposus pinching a spinal nerve

Answer 89

a diagnostic imaging procedure using x-rays to study internal structure of the body especially useful for visualizing bones and joints

Answer 90

examination of the interior of a joint by entering the joint with an arthroscope. Arthroscope contains small camera, allows physician to view the interior of the joint on a monitor during a procedure some joint conditions may be repaired during arthroscopy

Answer 91

partial or complete removal of a limb for a variety of reasons; tumors, gangrene, intractable pain, crushing injury, uncontrollable infection.

Answer 92

performing a surgical procedure while using an arthroscope to view the internal structure such as a joint.

Answer 93

piece of a bone taken from the patient, used to take the place of a removed bone or a bony defect at another site

Answer 94

removal of the bursa at the joint of the great toe

Answer 95

removal of the vertebral posterior arch to correct severe back problems and pain caused by compression of a spinal nerve

Answer 96

a thin catheter tube is inserted into the intervertebral disk through the skin and the herniated or ruptured disk material is sucked out or a laser is used to vaporize it.

Answer 97

surgical immobilization of adjacent vertebrae. May be done for several reasons; including correction for a herniated disk

Answer 98

surgical reconstruction of a hip by implanting a prosthetic or artificial hip joint also called total hip replacement (THR)

Answer 99

surgical reconstruction of a knee joint by implanting a prosthetic knee joint. also called total knee replacement (TKR)

Answer 100

a procedure to stabilize a fractured bone while it heals. External fixation includes casts, spins, and pins inserted through the skin . Internal fixation includes pins, plates, rods, screws, and wires, that are applied during an open reduction.

Answer 101

correcting a fracture by realigning bone fragments. closed reduction- doing manupilation without entering body open reduction- process of making surgical incision at the site of fracture (necessary when bone fragments need to be removed or for internal fixation)

Answer 102

applying a pulling force on a fractured or dislocated limb or the vertebral column in order to restore normal alignment.

Answer 103

conditions that result in weak and fragile bones, such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease, are improved by medications that reduce reabsorption of bones. (alendronate, Fosamax, ibandronate, Boniva)

Answer 104

maintaining high blood levels of calcium in association with vitamin D helps maintain bone density; used to treat osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and rickets (calcium carbonate, Oystercal, Tums; calcium citrate, Cal-Citrate, Citracal)

Answer 105

A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that has very strong anti-inflammatory properties. It is particularly useful in treating rheumatoid arthritis (prednisone; methylprednisolone, Medrol; dexamethasone, Decadron)

Answer 106

A large group of drugs that provide mild pain relief and anti-inflammatory benefits for conditions such as arthritis (ibuprofen, Advil, Motrin; naproxen, Aleve, Naprosyn; salicylates, Aspirin)

Answer 107

above elbow

Answer 108

above knee

Answer 109

bone density testing

Answer 110

below elbow

Answer 111

below knee

Answer 112

bone mineral density

Answer 113

first cervical vertebra, second cervical vertebra, etc

Answer 114

degenerative joint disease

Answer 115

dual-energy absorptiometry

Answer 116

herniated nucleus pulposus

Answer 117

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 118

first lumbar vertebra, second lumbar vertebra, etc

Answer 119

lower extremity

Answer 120

left lower extremity

Answer 121

left upper extremity

Answer 122

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Answer 123

osteoarthritis

Answer 124

open reduction-internal fixation

Answer 125

orthopedics

Answer 126

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 127

right lower extremity

Answer 128

right upper extremity

Answer 129

systemic lupus

Answer 130

first thoracic vertebra, second thoracic vertebra, etc

Answer 131

total hip arthroplasty

Answer 132

total hip replacement

Answer 133

total knee arthroplasty

Answer 134

total knee replacement

Answer 135

upper extremity

Answer 136

fibrous brand

Answer 137

heart muscle

Answer 138

sole of foot

Answer 139

scar tissue forming in the fascia surrounding a muscle, making it difficult to stretch the muscle

Answer 140

poor muscle development as a result of muscle disease, nervous system disease, or lack of use; commonly referred to as muscle visit

Answer 141

abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, or fascia making it difficult to stretch the muscle

Answer 142

increase in muscle bulk as a result of using it, as in lifting weights

Answer 143

attacks of severe pain and lameness caused by ischemia of the muscles, typically the calf muscles; brought on by walking even very short distances

Answer 144

sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contraction

Answer 145

severe neck spasms pulling the head to one side. commonly called wry neck or crick in the neck

Answer 146

condition with widespread aching and pain in the muscles and soft tissue

Answer 147

inflammation of the muscle attachment to the lateral epicondyle of the elbow. Often caused by strongly gripping. commonly called tennis elbow

Answer 148

inherited disease causing a progressive muscle degeneration, weakness, and atrophy

Answer 149

one type of inherited muscular dystrophy in which the muscle tissue is gradually replaced by fatty tissue making the muscle look strong. also called Duchenne's muscular dystrophy

Answer 150

repetitive motion disorder with pain caused by compression of the finger flexor tendons and median nerve as they pass through the carpal tunnel of the wrist.

Answer 151

cyst that forms on tendon sheath, usually on hand, wrist or ankle

Answer 152

group of chronic disorders involving the tendon, muscle, joint and nerve damage. resulting from tissue being subjected to pressure, vibration, or repetitive movements for prolonged periods

Answer 153

the rotator cuff capsule consists of the joint capsule of the shoulder joint reinforced by the tendons from several shoulder muscles. The high degree of flexibility at the shoulder joint puts the rotator cuff at risk for strain and tearing.

Answer 154

damage to the muscle, tendons, or ligaments due to overuse or overstretching.

Answer 155

Muscle enzyme found in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle. Blood levels become elevated in disorders such as heart attacks, muscular dystrophy, and other skeletal muscle pathologies

Answer 156

muscle contraction in response to a stretch caused by striking the muscle tendon with a reflex hammer. Test used to determine if muscles are responding properly

Answer 157

study and record of the strength and quality of muscle contractions as a result of electrical simulation

Answer 158

removal of muscle tissue for pathological examination

Answer 159

surgical cutting of the ligament in the wrist to relieve nerve pressure caused by carpal tunnel syndrome, which can result from repetitive motion such as typing

Answer 160

surgical procedure to stabilize a joint by anchoring down the tendons of the muscles that move the joint

Answer 161

medication to relax skeletal muscles in order to reduce muscle spasms. Also called antispasmodics (cyclobenzaprine, Flexeril; carisoprodol, Soma)

Answer 162

carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 163

creatine phosphokinase

Answer 164

deep tendon reflex

Answer 165

electromyogram

Answer 166

intramuscular

Answer 167

muscular dystrophy