Chapter 12 - Nervous System Flashcards
1
Q
cephal/o
A
head
2
Q
cerebell/o
A
cerebellum
3
Q
cerebr/o
A
cerebrum
4
Q
encephal/o
A
brain
5
Q
gli/o
A
glue
6
Q
medull/o
A
medulla oblongata
7
Q
mening/o
A
meninges
8
Q
meningi/o
A
meninges
9
Q
myel/o
A
spinal chord
10
Q
neur/o
A
nerve
11
Q
phas/o
A
speech
12
Q
poli/o
A
gray matter
13
Q
pont/o
A
pons
14
Q
radicul/o
A
nerve root
15
Q
thalam/o
A
thalamus
16
Q
thec/o
A
sheath (meninges)
17
Q
ventricul/o
A
brain ventricle
18
Q
-algesia
A
pain, sensitivity
19
Q
-esthesia
A
feeling, sensation
20
Q
-paresis
A
weakness
21
Q
-phasia
A
speech
22
Q
-plegia
A
paralysis
23
Q
-taxia
A
muscle coordination
24
Q
cephalalgia
A
head pain (headache)
25
cerebellar
pertaining to the cerebellum
26
cerebellitis
cerebellum inflammation
27
cerebral
pertaining to the cerebrum
28
cerebrospinal
pertaining to the cerebrum and spine
29
electroencephalogram (EEG)
record of the brain's electricity
30
encephalitis
brain inflammation
31
meningioma
meninges tumor
32
meningeal
pertaining to the meninges
33
meningitis
meninges inflammation
34
myelogram
record of spinal chord
35
myelitis
spinal chord inflammation
36
neural
pertaining to the nerves
37
neuralgia
nerve pain
38
neurectomy
removal of nerve
39
neurologist
specialist in nerves
40
neuroma
nerve tumor
41
neuropathy
nerve disease
42
neuroplasty
surgical repair of nerves
43
polyneuritis
inflammation of many nerves
44
neurorrhapy
suture of nerve
45
pontine
pertaining to the pons
46
radiculitis
nerve root inflammation
47
radiculopathy
nerve root inflammation
48
thalamic
pertaining to the thalamus
49
intrathecal
pertaining to within the meninges
50
analgesia
absence of pain or sensation
51
anesthesia
lack of sensations
52
hyperesthesia
excessive sensations
53
monoparesis
weakness of one
54
aphasia
lack of speech
55
dysphasia
difficult speech
56
monoplegia
paralysis of one
57
quadriplegia
paralysis of four
58
ataxia
lack of muscle coordination
59
anesthesiology
branch of medicine specializing in all aspects of anesthesia
including for: surgical procedures, resuscitation measures, and the management of acute chronic pain.
Physician is an anesthesiologist
60
aura
sensations, such as seeing colors or smelling an unusual odor, that occur just prior to an epileptic seizure or migraine headache.
61
coma
profound unconsciousness or stupor resulting from an illness or injury.
62
conscious
condition of being awake and aware of surroundings
63
convulsion
severe involuntary muscle contractions and relaxations.
Have a variety of causes; epilepsy, fever, and toxic conditions
64
delirium
abnormal mental state characterized by confusion, disorientation and agitation.
65
dementia
progressive impairment of intellectual function that interferes with performing activities of daily living.
Patients have little awareness of their condition.
Found in disorders such as Alzheimer's.
66
focal seizure
localized seizure often affecting one limb
67
hemiparesis
weakness or loss of motion on one side of the body
68
hemiplegia
paralysis on only one side of the body
69
neurology
branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions of the nervous system. Physician is a neurologist.
70
neurosurgery
branch of medicine concerned with treating conditions and diseases of the nervous systems by surgical means.
Physician is a neurosurgeon
71
palsy
temporary or permanent loss of the ability to control movement
72
paralysis
temporary or permanent loss of function or voluntary movement
73
paraplegia
paralysis of the lower portion of the body and both legs
74
paresthesia
abnormal sensation such as burning or tingling
75
seizure
sudden, uncontrollable onset of symptoms; such as in an epileptic seizure.
76
syncope
fainting
77
tremor
involuntary repetitive alternating movement of a part of the body.
78
unconscious
condition or state of being unaware of surroundings, with the inability to respond to stimuli
79
absence seizure
type of epileptic seizure that lasts only a few seconds to half a minute, characterized by a loss of awareness and an absence of activity.
also called a petit mal seizure.
80
Alzheimer's disease
Chronic, organic mental disorder consisting of dementia, which is more prevalent in adults between ages 40-60. Involves progressive disorientation, apathy, speech and gait disturbances, and loss of memory.
Named for German neurologist Alois Alzheimer.
81
astrocytoma
tumor of the brain or spinal chord that is composed of astrocytes, one of the types of neuroglial cells
82
brain tumor
Intracranial mass, either benign or malignant.
A benign tumor of the brain can still be fatal since it will grow and cause pressure on normal brain tissue.
83
cerebral aneurysm
localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery; the result of a congenital defect or weakness in the wall of the vessel.
A ruptured aneurysm is a common cause of a hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident.
84
cerebral contusion
bruising of the brain from a blow or impact.
Symptoms last longer than 24 hours and include unconsciousness, dizziness, vomiting, unequal pupil size, and shock.
85
cerebral palsy (CP)
nonprogressive brain damage resulting from a defect, trauma, or oxygen deprivation at the time of birth.
86
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
the development of an infarct due to loss in the blood supply to an area of the brain.
Blood flow could be interrupted by a ruptured blood vessel (hemorrhage), a floating clot (embolus), a stationary clot (thrombosis), or compression.
extent of damage depends on the size and location of the infarct and often includes dysphasia and hemiplegia.
commonly called a stroke.
87
concussion
injury to the brain resulting from the brain being shaken inside the skull from a blow or impact.
Can result in unconsciousness, dizziness, vomiting, unequal pupil size, and shock.
Symptoms last 24 hours or less.
88
epilepsy
recurrent disorder of the brain in which seizures and loss of consciousness occur as a result of uncontrolled electrical activity of the neurons in the brain.
89
hydrocephalus
accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain, causing the head to be enlarged.
It is treated by creating an artificial shunt for the fluid to leave the brain.
If left untreated, it may lead to seizures and mental retardation.
90
migraine
specific type of headache characterized by severe head pain, sensitivity to light, dizziness, and nausea.
91
Parkinson's disease
Chronic disorder of the nervous system with fine tremors, muscular weakness, rigidity, and a shuffling gait.
Named for British physician Sir James Parkinson.
92
Reye Syndrome
Combination of symptoms first recognized by Australian pathologists R.D.K. Reye that includes acute encephalopathy and damage to various organs, especially the liver.
Occurs in children under 15 who have had a viral infection.
Also associated with taking aspirin. For this reason it is not recommended for children to use aspirin.
93
tonic-clonic seizure
Type of severe epileptic seizures characterized by a loss of consciousness and convulsions.
Seizure alternates between strong continuous muscle spasms (tonic) and rhythmic muscle contraction and relaxation (clonic).
Also called a grand mal seizure.
94
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
temporary interference with blood supply to the brain, causing neurological symptoms such as dizziness, numbness, and hemiparesis.
May eventually lead to a full blown stroke (cerebrovascular accident).
95
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Disease with muscular weakness and atrophy due to degeneration of motor neurons of the spinal chord.
Also called Lou Gehrigs disease, after the New York Yankees baseball player who died from the disease.
96
meningocele
congenital condition in which the meninges protrude through an opening in the vertebral column.
97
myelomeningocele
congenital condition in which the meninges and spinal chord protrude through an opening in the vertebral column.
98
poliomyelitis
Viral inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal chord.
results in varying degrees of paralysis
may be mild and reversible, or severe and permanent.
The disease has been almost eliminated due to the discovery of a vaccine in 1950's
99
spina bifida
congenital defect in the walls of the spinal canal in which the laminae of the vertebrae do not meet or close.
May result in a meningocele or a myelomeningocele - meninges or spinal chord being pushed through the opening.
100
spinal chord injury (SCI)
Damage to the spinal chord as a result of trauma.
Spinal chord may be bruised or completely severed.
101
Bell's palsy
One-sided facial paralysis due to inflammation of the facial nerve, probably viral in nature.
Patient cannot control salivation, tearing of the eyes, or expression, but most will eventually recover.
102
Guillan - Barré syndrome
Disease of the nervous system in which nerves lose their myelin covering.
May be caused by an autoimmune reaction
Characterized by loss of sensation and/or muscle control starting in the legs.
symptoms then move toward the trunk and may even result in paralysis of the diaphragm.
103
multiple sclerosis (MS)
Inflammatory disease of the central nervous system in which there is extreme weakness and numbness due to loss of myelin insulation from nerves.
104
myasthenia gravis
Disease with severe muscular weakness and fatigue due to insufficient neurotransmitter at a synapse.
105
shingles
eruption of painful blisters on the body along a nerve path.
Thought to be caused by a Herpes zoster virus infection of the nerve root.
106
epidural hematoma
Mass of blood in the space outside the dura mater of the brain and spinal chord
107
subdural hematoma
mass of blood forming beneath the dura mater if the meninges are torn by trauma.
May exert fatal pressure on the brain if the hematoma is not drained by surgery.
