Chapter 4 Muscular system Flashcards
Clon/o
Violent action
Dys-
Bad, difficult, or painful
Fasci/o
Fascia, fibrous band
-ia
Abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium
-ic
Pertaining to
-lysis
To set free, to break down
-lysis
To set free, to break down
My/o
Muscle
-plegia
Stroke, paralysis
Tax/o
Coordination, order
Ton/o
Tone, stretching, tension
Abduction
Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
Adduction
Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body
Adhesion
Band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
Ataxia
Lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement
Atonic
Lacking normal muscle tone or strength
Circumduction
The circular movement at the far end of a limb
Atrophy
Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Swelling that causes pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel
Compartment syndrome
Distortion or impairment of voluntary movement
Bradykinesia
Extreme slowness in movement
Dorsiflexion
Movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle
Dyskinesia
Distortion or impairment of voluntary movement
Dystonia
Movement disorder characterized by the involuntary and sometimes repetitive contractions of certain muscles
Electromyography
Diagnostic test the measures the electrical activity in muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation
Epicondylitis
Inflammation of the tissue surrounding the elbow
Fibromyalgia
Debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain
Ganglion cyst
Benign fluid filled lump that usually occurs on the outer surface of the wrist or hand, sometimes from a past injury
Heel spur
Calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel
Hemiparesis
Slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body
Hyperkinesia
Abnormally increased muscle function or activity
Impingement syndrome
Inflammation of tendons that get caught in the narrow space between the bones in the shoulder joint
Innervation
Stimulation of a muscle by an impulsive transmitted by a motor nerve
Insertion
Where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon, it is the more movable attachment
Intermittent claudication
Pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest
Myasthenia graves
Chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces weaknesses and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles
Myoclonus
Quick, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles
Myofascial release
Special soft tissue manipulation used to ease pain of fibromyalgia, TMJ, and carpal tunnel syndrome
Myoparesis
Weakness or slight muscular paralysis
Myorrhaphy
Surgical suturing of a muscle
Origin
Where the muscle begins, located near the midline of the body or on less movable part of the skeleton
Physiatrist
Doctor that specializes in physical medicine and rehab to restore function
Polymyositis
Muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakness of voluntary muscle in many parts of the body
Pronation
Rotating the arm or leg so the palm is turned downward
Sarcopenia
Loss of muscle mass, strength and function that comes with aging
Shin splint
Pain caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia
Sphincter
Ring like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passage way
Singultus
Myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes hiccups with each spasm
Singultus
Myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes hiccups with each spasm
Sprain
Injury to a joint that involves a wrenched or torn ligament
Tendinopathy
Term for irritation or degeneration of a tendon in a joint like a rotator cuff
Tendinopathy
Term for irritation or degeneration of a tendon in a joint like a rotator cuff
Tenodesis
Surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to bone
Tenolysis
Release of a tendon from adhesions
Tenosynovitis
Inflammation of the sheath around the tendon
Tenosynovitis
Inflammation of the sheath around the tendon
Tenotomy
Surgical cutting of a tendon to provide release or allow lengthening
Torticolitis
Stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side
Contracture
Permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with non elastic fibrous tissues.
