Chapter 2 Human body health & disease

Question 1

Aden/o

Answer 1

Gland

Question 2

Adip/o

Answer 2

Fat

Question 3

Anter/o

Answer 3

Before, front

Question 4

caud/o

Answer 4

lower part of body, tail

Question 5

cephal/o

Answer 5

head

Question 6

cyt/o

Answer 6

cell

Question 7

-cyte

Answer 7

cell

Question 8

end-

Answer 8

in, within, inside

Question 9

end/o

Answer 9

in, within, inside

Question 10

exo-

Answer 10

out of, outside, away from

Question 11

hist/o

Answer 11

tissue

Question 12

-ologist

Answer 12

specialist

Question 13

-ology

Answer 13

the science of, studt of

Question 14

path/o

Answer 14

disease, suffering, feeling, emotion

Question 15

-pathy

Answer 15

disease, suffering, feeling, emotion

Question 16

plas/i

Answer 16

development, growth, formation

Question 17

plas/o

Answer 17

development, growth, formation

Question 18

-plasia

Answer 18

development, growth, formation

Question 19

poster/o

Answer 19

behind, toward the back

Question 20

-stasis

Answer 20

control, maintenance of a constant level

Question 21

-static

Answer 21

control, maintenance of a constant level

Question 22

adenocarcinoma

Answer 22

a malignant tumor that originates in the glands and may spread to other parts of the body.

Question 23

adenoma

Answer 23

benign tumor that starts in the epithelial tissue of a gland or gland-like stucture.

Question 24

anaplasia

Answer 24

a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other.

Question 25

anterior

Answer 25

in the front

Question 26

aplasia

Answer 26

the defective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue.

Question 27

atresia

Answer 27

congenital absence or narrowing of a normal body opening or passage.

Question 28

caudal

Answer 28

toward the lower part of the body.

Question 29

cytoplasm

Answer 29

the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus.

Question 30

distal

Answer 30

situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure.

Question 31

dorsal

Answer 31

the back of the organ or body.

Question 32

dysplasia

Answer 32

the abnormal development or growth of cells, or the presence of abnormal cells within a type of tissue.

Question 33

endemic

Answer 33

the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area.

Question 34

endocrine glands

Answer 34

produce hormones, do not have ducts.

Question 35

epidemic

Answer 35

a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area.

Question 36

exocrine glands

Answer 36

secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body.

Question 37

functional disorder

Answer 37

a condition that produced physical symptoms for which no disease or other organic cause can be identified.

Question 38

hemophilia

Answer 38

a hereditary bleeding disorder in which a blood-clotting factor is missing.

Question 39

histology

Answer 39

the microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues.

Question 40

hyperplasia

Answer 40

an increase in he number of cells in a tissue or organ.

Question 41

hypertrophy

Answer 41

a general increase In the bulk of a body part or organ due to an increase in the size, but not the number, of cells in the tissues.

Question 42

hypoplasia

Answer 42

the underdevelopment of an organ or tissue, usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells.

Question 43

iatrogenic illness

Answer 43

an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment.

Question 44

idiopathic disease

Answer 44

any disease without a known cause.

Question 45

inguinal

Answer 45

relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen.

Question 46

medial

Answer 46

the directon toward, or, nearer the midline.

Question 47

mesentery

Answer 47

a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall.

Question 48

midsagittal plane

Answer 48

also known as the midline, the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves.

Question 49

pandemic

Answer 49

an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, sometimes even worldwide.

Question 50

peritoneum

Answer 50

a multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity.

Question 51

physiology

Answer 51

the study of the functions of the structures of the body.

Question 52

posterior

Answer 52

situated in the back or on the back part of an organ.

Question 53

proximal

Answer 53

situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure.

Question 54

retroperitoneal

Answer 54

located behind the peritoneum.

Question 55

stem cells

Answer 55

unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division.

Question 56

syndrome

Answer 56

a set of signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process.

Question 57

transverse plane

Answer 57

a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions.

Question 58

vector-borne transmission

Answer 58

is the spread of certain disease through blood-sucking vectors.

Question 59

ventral

Answer 59

refers to the front, or belly side, of the organ or body.