Chapter 2 Human body health & disease Flashcards
Aden/o
Gland
Adip/o
Fat
Anter/o
Before, front
caud/o
lower part of body, tail
cephal/o
head
cyt/o
cell
-cyte
cell
end-
in, within, inside
end/o
in, within, inside
exo-
out of, outside, away from
hist/o
tissue
-ologist
specialist
-ology
the science of, studt of
path/o
disease, suffering, feeling, emotion
-pathy
disease, suffering, feeling, emotion
plas/i
development, growth, formation
plas/o
development, growth, formation
-plasia
development, growth, formation
poster/o
behind, toward the back
-stasis
control, maintenance of a constant level
-static
control, maintenance of a constant level
adenocarcinoma
a malignant tumor that originates in the glands and may spread to other parts of the body.
adenoma
benign tumor that starts in the epithelial tissue of a gland or gland-like stucture.
anaplasia
a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other.
anterior
in the front
aplasia
the defective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue.
atresia
congenital absence or narrowing of a normal body opening or passage.
caudal
toward the lower part of the body.
cytoplasm
the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus.
distal
situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure.
dorsal
the back of the organ or body.
dysplasia
the abnormal development or growth of cells, or the presence of abnormal cells within a type of tissue.
endemic
the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area.
endocrine glands
produce hormones, do not have ducts.
epidemic
a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area.
exocrine glands
secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body.
functional disorder
a condition that produced physical symptoms for which no disease or other organic cause can be identified.
hemophilia
a hereditary bleeding disorder in which a blood-clotting factor is missing.
histology
the microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues.
hyperplasia
an increase in he number of cells in a tissue or organ.
hypertrophy
a general increase In the bulk of a body part or organ due to an increase in the size, but not the number, of cells in the tissues.
hypoplasia
the underdevelopment of an organ or tissue, usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells.
iatrogenic illness
an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment.
idiopathic disease
any disease without a known cause.
inguinal
relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen.
medial
the directon toward, or, nearer the midline.
mesentery
a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall.
midsagittal plane
also known as the midline, the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves.
pandemic
an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, sometimes even worldwide.
peritoneum
a multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity.
physiology
the study of the functions of the structures of the body.
posterior
situated in the back or on the back part of an organ.
proximal
situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure.
retroperitoneal
located behind the peritoneum.
stem cells
unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division.
syndrome
a set of signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process.
transverse plane
a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions.
vector-borne transmission
is the spread of certain disease through blood-sucking vectors.
ventral
refers to the front, or belly side, of the organ or body.
