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Psychology 12 AP > Chapter 4 - Memory > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

What is sensory memory?

A

It is the storage of images and sounds for a couple of seconds or less

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2
Q

What is echoic memory?

A

It is when the sensory memory stores sounds for up to 2 seconds

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3
Q

What are iconic images?

A

They are fleeting images that are stored for a very short time

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4
Q

How long are we aware of our short term memories for?

A

Around 12 seconds

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5
Q

What can be done to prevent information from being dumped from STM?

A

Rehearsing information

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6
Q

What is working memory?

A

It is when we store important information when figuring out problems

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7
Q

Where is important information from the STM transferred to?

A

LTM

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8
Q

How is STM typically encoded as?

A

Sounds

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9
Q

What is LTM typically encoded as?

A

Meaning

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10
Q

What are the three stages of memory?

A

Encoding, storing, retrieving

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11
Q

What makes LTM interesting?

A

You cannot fill it up; instead, the more you know about something, the easier it is to remember something related to that thing

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12
Q

What is an information bit?

A

It is a single piece of information

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13
Q

How many information bits can STM typically hold?

A

Around 7

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14
Q

What are information chunks?

A

They are bits of information grouped up into larger units

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15
Q

What is maintenance rehearsal?

A

It is silently repeating information to prolong memory

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16
Q

What is elaborative encoding?

A

It is relating new information to information already in LTM

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17
Q

What is constructive processing?

A

It is replacing gaps in memory with new information

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18
Q

How can eyewitness memory be a problem in court cases?

A

Eyewitnesses can subconsciously replace their memory of the incident with other information, such as a picture of a suspect on television

19
Q

What is the network model of memory?

A

It explains that LTM is a network of linked ideas

20
Q

What is redintegration?

A

It is when you look at something which triggers a string of memories

21
Q

What is procedural memory?

A

It includes conditioned responses like swinging a golf club, typing, etc

22
Q

What is declarative memory?

A

It includes factual information like names, dates, etc

23
Q

What is semantic memory?

A

It is a subpart of declarative memory that includes basic impersonal parts of the world, such as the days of the week

24
Q

What is episodic memory?

A

It records important life events

25
Q

What is recall?

A

It is the direct retrieval of facts or information

26
Q

What is the serial position effect?

A

It is when people have trouble remembering the middle items of a list

27
Q

What is recognition memory?

A

It is the ability to identify previously learned information

28
Q

What is relearning?

A

It is learning something that was previously learned

29
Q

What is explicit memory?

A

It is memory that is consciously brought back to the surface

30
Q

What is implicit memory?

A

It is memory that is subconsciously brought to the surface (knowing how to type)

31
Q

What is priming?

A

It is activating hidden memories by using cues, objects

32
Q

What is encoding failure?

A

Not creating enough information to store the memory

33
Q

What is disuse?

A

It is the theory that memory decays when not actively retrieved

34
Q

What is a memory cue?

A

It is a stimulus associated with memory that often helps memory retrieval

35
Q

What is state dependant learning?

A

It is the theory that the body has to be in the right state in order to remember well (not good to study while under emotional stress)

36
Q

What is retroactive interference?

A

It is the tendency to forget old memories when new ones are created

37
Q

What is proactive interference?

A

It is the tendency for new memories to impair retrieval of old memories

38
Q

What is repression?

A

It is the tendency to subconsciously push out unwanted thoughts (tragic events)

39
Q

What is suppression?

A

It is the conscious attempt to push out unwanted information

40
Q

What part of the brain acts as a switch between short and long term memory?

A

The hippocampus

41
Q

What effects can damage to the hippocampus have on memory?

A

The inability to consolidate new memories

42
Q

What are flashback memories?

A

They are memories that are created at times of high emotion and can become very clear, although they may not be completely true

43
Q

What are mental images?

A

They are mental pictures that we create to help remember (visualizing something)

44
Q

What is eidetic memory?

A

It is being able to project a picture or image in front of you

Psychology 12 AP (8 decks)

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