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Psychology 12 AP > Chapter 3 - Human Development (KEY TERMS) > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Human Development (KEY TERMS) Flashcards

learn dem key terms! trying 2 work on paraphrasing have a nice day! just know the general idea, don't memorize terms word for word. (really, don't.) - Dr. PhDonk Donkodan Meow

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1
Q

Developmental psychology

A

study of changes in behaviour and abilities from birth to death

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2
Q

Heredity

A

transmission of characteristics through genes from parents to offspring

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3
Q

DNA

A

molecular structure that contains genetic information

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4
Q

Chromosomes

A

‘colored bodies’ made up of DNA in the nucleus of each cell

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5
Q

Genes

A

specific areas on DNA strands that carry genetic information

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6
Q

Dominant gene

Recessive gene

A

expressed if present

expressed if two recessive genes

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7
Q

Polygenic characteristics

A

influenced by many genes working in combination

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8
Q

Maturation

A

physical growth and development of body/nervous system

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9
Q

Readiness

A

condition that allows rapid acquisition of a skill

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10
Q

Environment (nurture)

A

all external conditions affecting development, esp. learning

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11
Q

Congenital problems (birth defects)

A

(originate during time in womb)

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12
Q

Genetic disorders

A

problems caused by defects in genes

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13
Q

Teratogen

A

causes birth defects

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14
Q

Sensitive period

A

Increased sensitivity to environmental influences

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15
Q

Deprivation

A

withholding of normal stimulation

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16
Q

Enrichment

A

making an environment more stimulating

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17
Q

Temperament

A

physical core of personality (emotions, etc)

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18
Q

Developmental level

A

Physical/emotional/intellectual developmental state

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19
Q

Social smile

A

Smiling elicited by social stimuli (seeing parents’ face)

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20
Q

Social development

A

development of self-awareness, attachment to parents, and relationships with others

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21
Q

Emotional attatchment

A

close emotional bond that infants form with others

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22
Q

Separation anxiety

A

distress when infants are separated from caregivers

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23
Q

Secure attachment

A

stable and positive emotional bond

24
Q

Insecure-avoidant attachment

A

bond in which infant tends to avoid reunion with caregiver

25
Q

Insecure-ambivalent attachment

A

bond in which infant desires to be with parent and resists being united

26
Q

Affectional needs

A

emotional needs for love and affection

27
Q

Parental styles

A

identifiable patterns of parental caretaking/interaction with children

28
Q

Authoritarian parents

A

Parents who enforce rigid rules/demand strict obedience

29
Q

Overly permissive parents

A

Parents who give children no guidance and too much freedom

30
Q

Authoritative parents

A

Parents who supply firm guidance with love/affection

31
Q

Maternal/paternal influences

A

psychological effects mothers/fathers have on children

32
Q

Biological predisposition

A

readiness of humans to learn certain skills

33
Q

Signal

A

early language development: any behaviour for nonverbal interaction and turn-taking between parent and child

34
Q

Assimilation

A

application of existing mental patterns to new situations

35
Q

Accommodation

A

modification of existing mental pattern to fit new situations

36
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A

sensory input and motor responses become coordinated

37
Q

Object permanence

A

concept gained in infancy: objects continue to exist even when not in sight

38
Q

Preoperational stage

A

children began to use language and think symbolically, but remain intuitive and egocentric in thought

39
Q

Transformation

A

mental ability to change shape or form of substance and perceiving that it’s volume remains the same

40
Q

Intuitive thought

A

thought with little use of logic

41
Q

Egocentric thought

A

self-centered thought that does not consider the viewpoints of others

42
Q

Concrete operational stage

A

use of simple concepts, mental operations

43
Q

Conservation

A

mastery of the concept that WMV are conserved when shape/appearance of object changes

44
Q

Formal operations stage

A

abstract thought

45
Q

Zone of proximal development

A

range of tasks a child cannot master alone, but can with help

46
Q

Adolescence

A

CULTURALLY defined period between childhood and adulthood

47
Q

Puberty

A

BIOLOGICALLY defined period in which a person matures sexually and is capable of reproduction

48
Q

Moral development

A

development of values that act as a guide regarding acceptable behaviour

49
Q

Preconventional moral reasoning

A

based on consequences

50
Q

Conventional moral reasoning

A

based on desire to please others and follow accepted rules

51
Q

Postconventional moral reasoning

A

based on self-chosen moral principles

52
Q

Developmental task

A

any skill/personal change that must take place for optimal development

53
Q

Psychosocial dilemma

A

conflict between personal impulses and the real world

54
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Dilemmas

A
  1. Trust vs. Mistrust (1 year)
  2. Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (1-3 years)
  3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5 years)
  4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12 years)
  5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence)
  6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Early Adulthood)
  7. Generativity vs. Self-interest (Middle Adulthood)
  8. Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood)
    (just read the definitions in the book, I’ve already learned them and they’re sort of self-explanatory and I’m lazy)
55
Q

Ageism

A

Discrimination based on age

Psychology 12 AP (8 decks)

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