Chapter 10 - Personality Flashcards
Key words, lollers!
character
characteristics that are judged/evaluated
personality
a person’s UNIQUE and stable patterns of behaviour
personality trait
stable quality
personality type
made up of personality traits
intovert
person whose attention is directed inward (shy)
extrovert
person whose attention is directed outward (outgoing)
self-concept
person’s perception of his own traits
self-esteem
regarding oneself as a good person
personality theory
any system of ideas used to explain personality
trait theorists
classify traits in order to understand personality
biological predisposition
hereditary readiness of humans to behave in particular ways
common traits
shared by members of a culture (competitiveness)
individual traits
individual qualities
cardinal traits
basic trait of a person (compassion for Mother Teresa)
central trait
building block of personality (honest, cheerful)
secondary traits
inconsistent, superficial
Surface Traits
Visible traits of one’s personality
Source traits
Basic underlying traits of personality
Five-factor model
Proposes that there are five universal dimensions of personality
Big five personality traits
Extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Self discipline, responsibility, etc
Extroversion
How introverted and extroverted someone is
Agreeableness
Friendly, caring, nurturing
Neuroticism
Negative emotions
Openness to experience
Intelligence, open to new ideas
Anal stage
Psychosexual stage corresponding roughly to the period of toilet training
Anal-expulsive personality
A disorderly, destructive, cruel, or messy person
Anal retentive personality
A person who is obstinate stingy, or compulsive and generally has difficulty letting go
Conscience
The part of the superego that causes guilt when its standards are not met
Conscious
Region of the mind that includes all mental contents a person is aware of at any given moment
Ego
Executive part of personality that directs rational behavior
Ego ideal
The part of the superego representing ideal behavior; a source of pride when its standards are met
Electra concflict
A girl’s sexual attraction to her father and feelings of rivalry with her mother
Erogenous zone
Any body area that produces pleasurable sensations
Eros
Freud’s name for the life instincts
Fixation
A lasting conflict developed as a result of frustration or overindulgence
Genital stage
Period of full psychosexual development, marked by attainment for mature adult sexuality
Id
Primitive part of personality that remains unconscious, supplies energy, and demands pleasure
Latency
According to Freud, a period in childhood when psychosexual development is more or less interrupted
Libido
In Freudian theory, the force, primarily pleasure oriented, that energizes whe personality
Moral anxiety
Apprehension felt when thoughts, impulses, or actions, conflict with the superego’s standards
Neurotic anxiety
Apprehension felt when the ego struggles to control id impulses
Oedipus conflict
A body’s sexual attraction to his mother, and feelings of rivalry with his father
Oral stage
The period when infants are preoccupied with the mouth as a source of pleasure and means of expression
Oral-aggressive personality
A person who uses the mouth to express hostility by shouting, cursing, biting, etc. Also, one who actively exploits other
Oral-dependent personality
A person who wants to passively receive attention, gifts, love, etc
Phallic personality
A person who is vain, sensitive, and narcissistic
Phallic stage
Psychosexual stage when a child or preoccupied with the genitals
Pleasure principle
Desire for immediate satisfaction of wishes, desires, and needs
Preconscious
An area of the mind containing information that can be voluntarily brought to awareness
Psyche
Mind, mental life, and personality as a whole
Psychosexual stages
The oral, anal, phallic, and genital staes, during which various personality traits are formed
Reality principle
Delaying action until it is appropriate
Superego
A judge or censor for thoughts and actions
Thanatos
The death instinct
Unconscious
Region of the mind that is beyond awareness, especially impulses and desires not directly known to a person
