Chapter 4 Key Terms Flashcards
the dissolving medium in a solution
solvent
a solution in which water is the solvent
aqueous solution
__ of water gives it its great ability to dissolve compounds
polarity
a molecule that has a permanent dipole moment. Positive ends attracted to anions, negative ends attracted to cations
polar molecules
the interaction between solute particles and water molecules
hydration
the amount of a substance that dissolves in a given volume of solvent at a given temperature
solubility
__ dissolves polar, __ dissolves non polar
polarnonpolar
a substance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution
solute
the ability to conduct an electric current
electrical conductivity
material that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution that conducts an electric current very efficiently. more ions available
strong electrolyte
material which, when dissolved in water, gives a solution that conducts only a small electric current. less ions available
weak electrolyte
a substance that, when dissolved in water, gives a nonconducting solution
nonelectrolyte
What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid?
substance that produces H+ ions in solution
an acid that completely dissociates to produce an H+ ion and the conjugate base
strong acid
a metal hydroxide salt that completely dissociates into its ions in water
strong bases
an acid that dissociates only slightly in aqueous solution
weak acid
base that reacts with water to produce hydroxide ions to only a slight extent in aqueous solution
weak base
What is the Arrhenius definition of a base?
substance that produces OH- ions in solution
What is the Bronsted-Lowry definitions of acids and bases?
Acid: proton donor, Base: proton acceptor
moles of solute per volume of solution in liters
Molarity (M)
solution whose concentration is accurately known
standard solution
solutions purchased or prepared in concentrated form
stock solutions
process of adding solvent to lower the concentration of solute in a solution
dilution
device for accurately measuring and transferring a given volume of solution
pipet
Molarity equation
M = Moles of solute / Liters of solution
Dilution equation
M1V1 = M2V2
the ions of 2 compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds
double replacement reaction