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AP Chem > Chapter 1 Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Key Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

The process of studying natural phenomena, involving observations, forming laws and theories, and testing of theories by experimentation

A

Scientific method

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2
Q

Quantitative observation that always consists of 2 parts: a number and a unit

A

Measurement

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3
Q

Set of assumptions put forth to explain the observed behavior of matter

A

Model

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4
Q

One or more assumptions put forth to explain the observed behavior of nature

A

Hypothesis

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5
Q

Set of assumptions put forth to explain some aspect of the observed behavior of matter

A

Theory

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6
Q

A statement that expresses generally observed behavior

A

Natural law

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7
Q

Mass is neither created nor destroyed

A

Law of conservation of mass

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8
Q

International system of units based on the metric system & units derived from the metric system

A

SI system

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9
Q

The quantity of matter in an object

A

Mass

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10
Q

The force exerted on an object by gravity

A

Weight

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11
Q

The characteristic that any measurement involves estimates & cannot be exactly reproduced

A

Uncertainty

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12
Q

The certain digits and the first uncertain digit of a measurement

A

Significant figures

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13
Q

The agreement of a particular value with the true value

A

Accuracy

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14
Q

An error that has an equal probability of being high or low

A

Random error

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15
Q

The degree of agreement among several measurements of the same quantity; the reproducibility of a measurement

A

Precision

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16
Q

An error that always occurs in the same direction

A

Systematic error

17
Q

Expresses a number as N • 10^M, a convenient method for representing a very large or very small number and for easily indicating the number of sig figs

A

Exponential notation

18
Q

An equivalence statement between units used for converting from one unit to another

A

Unit factor method / dimensional analysis

19
Q

A property of matter representing the mass per unit volume

A

Density

20
Q

Anything occupying space & having mass; the material of the universe

A

Matter

21
Q

Having visibly indistinguishable parts

A

Homogeneous mixture

22
Q

The 3 different forms in which matter can exist; solid, liquid and gas

A

States (of matter)

23
Q

Having visibly distinguishable parts

A

Heterogenous mixture

24
Q

A homogeneous mixture

A

Solution

25
Q

A change in the form of a substance, but not in its chemical composition; chemical bonds are not broken

A

Physical change

26
Q

A substance with constant composition

A

Pure substance

27
Q

A method for separating the components of a liquid mixture that depends on differences in the ease of vaporization of the components

A

Distillation

28
Q

A method for separating the components of a mixture containing a solid and a liquid

A

Filtration

29
Q

The general name for a series of methods for separating mixtures by employing a system with two phases (states) of matter: a mobile phase & a stationary phase

A

Chromatography

30
Q

Use a strip of porous paper for the stationary phase, drop of mixture to be separated is placed on the paper, paper dipped into a liquid (mobile phase) that travels up the paper

A

Paper chromatography

31
Q

A substance with constant composition that can be broken down into elements by chemical processes

A

Compound

32
Q

The change of substances into other substances with different properties & different composition through a reorganization of the atoms; a chemical reaction

A

Chemical change

33
Q

Substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical or physical means

A

Element

AP Chem (11 decks)

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