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PSYC 3601-Cognitive Developmental PSYC > Chapter 4: Infant Perception and Cognition > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Infant Perception and Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

William James thinks there is no _ without _.

A

Sense, experience

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2
Q

What are three reasons William James was wrong that babies know nothing?

A

They can taste, smell and they need touch, those are required from birth

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3
Q

What is the problem with implicit methods and babies?

A

There is no problem, behaviour possibly displays cognition.

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4
Q

What is an explicit research method? Problem with babies?

A

Talking or pressing buttons, must be choice, babies cannot do it

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5
Q

Babies controlled their _ in DeCasper and Spences experiment

A

sucking

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6
Q

What did DeCasper and Spence find?

A

Babies can hear and remember in utero

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7
Q

Babies prefer passages their mother read _.

A

In-utero

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8
Q

Who created the visual preference paradigm?

A

Fantz

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9
Q

What are the three things babies prefer in visual attention tasks?

A

Faces, high contrast, language

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10
Q

What is the habituation/dishabituation paradigm?

A

First, you get a kid to experience something and get used to it, then you change it and see if they notice the change

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11
Q

Habituation and dishabituation requires _ and _.

A

Memory and discrimination

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12
Q

What are the things we can test with habit/dishabit?

A

What age notice, do they get quicker at noticing, how long can you wait between presentation.

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13
Q

What is accommodation in sight? What muscles are needed? When reach adult levels?

A

Focusing on near and far. Ciliary, 3 months

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14
Q

What is convergence in sight? When are babies able to do this?

A

Eyes looking at same object. 6 months

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15
Q

What is coordination in sight? When can babies do this?

A

Can follow stimuli in an orderly fashion. 6 months

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16
Q

What is visual acuity? What are baby’s numbers?

A

How blurry? 20/400 to 20/600.

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17
Q

When does adult sight seem to develop?

A

6 years.

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18
Q

Why do babies have shitty acuity at birth?

A

Not enough cones in fovea.

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19
Q

When can babies differentiate red and white? What about other colours?

A

2 months, 4 months

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20
Q

What colours can babies see at birth?

A

None.

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21
Q

What are the four visual preferences of babies?

A

Contrast, movement, symmetry, curvature

22
Q

_ kids like novelty and _ kids like familiarity.

A

Older, younger

23
Q

When do babies recognize familiarity?

A

2-4 months

24
Q

What is the Goldilocks effect?

A

Not too familiar, not too novel, babies like it
Not too simple or complex, they like it

25
Q

Preference of faces for babies is there at… This may be _.

A

Birth! Evolution

26
Q

Babies prefer the face of..

A

Their primary caregiver

27
Q

Babies like _ faces over _.

A

Human
Monkey

28
Q

Why do babies prefer attractive faces? Does this extend to other animals?

A

Biology good, curve, symmetry preference exist.
Yes

29
Q

Babies like _ gaze, or figures looking back at them.

A

Mutual

30
Q

Sound localization is present at _. However, it improves by _ year.

A

Birth. One.

31
Q

Newborns like _ frequency sounds, therefore they like _ voices more.

A

High/Womens

32
Q

Adult hearing is developed at about _ years old. ``

A

10

33
Q

Goldilocks effect applies to sound in what way?

A

Stop attending to predictable sounds but do not like too complex.

34
Q

Babies have a clear preference for _ voice.

A

Mothers.

35
Q

Babies can discriminate between all _.

A

Phonemes

36
Q

With better speech perception as a baby, they are usually better at _ as a child.

A

reading

37
Q

children have an automatic _ for speech.

A

Bias

38
Q

Kuhl found that babies lose discrimination of sounds not heard in…

A

Mother tongue

39
Q

Kuhl found that by 4.5 months, children are no longer…

A

Citizens of the world.

40
Q

Babies seem to perceive music just as well as _.

A

Adults

41
Q

Babies can _ pitch, and understand _ and _. They even have similar _ activity to adults with regards to brain waves.

A

immitate, rythme and melody, attention

42
Q

What is intersensory integration?

A

Combining multiple senses (see and know how it feels)

43
Q

What is intersensory matching?

A

Dim and soft, can tell those are both lighter forms of it

44
Q

The other race effect is not apparent at _ months but is apparent at _ months.

A

3, 9

45
Q

What are the three core knowledges by Spelke?

A

Object representation
Knowledge of others and their actions
Understanding quantities

46
Q

What are the three understood parts of knowledge representation?

A

Object constancy, object cohesion and continuity, object permanency

47
Q

Can retrieve hidden objects at _ months, can pass A not B at _ months. True object permanence happens at _ months.

A

8, 12, 18

48
Q

Using Baillargeon’s ramp test, object permanence seems to be there at _ months.

A

3.5

49
Q

10-12 month olds understand larger than, as long as all numbers are _ or less.

A

3

50
Q

1 month olds can see differences if there is a _ to _ ratio.

A

2

PSYC 3601-Cognitive Developmental PSYC (13 decks)

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