Chapter 4- Gender and Sexuality Flashcards
the roles and characteristics that a culture expects from those defined as male and female
gender
any act intended to harm someone physically or emotionally
aggression
an act of aggression (physically or emotionally) intended to harm a person’s relationship or social standing
relational aggression
the sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two X chromosomes; males have one. An X chromosome from each parent produces a female child.
X chromosome
the sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child
Y chromosome
the most important male sex hormone. both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
testosterone
the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing
puberty
the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that makes sexual reproduction possible
primary sex characteristics
nonreproductive sexual traits, such as female breasts or hips, male voice quality, and body hair
secondary sex characteristics
first ejaculation
spermarche
the first menstrual period
menarche
possessing biological sexual characteristics of both sexes
intersex
a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave
role
a set of expected behaviors for males or for females
gender role
our sense of being male or female
gender identity
the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
social learning theory
the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
gender typing
displaying both traditional masculine and feminine psychological characteristics
androgyny
an umbrella term describing people whose gender identity or expression differs from that associated with their birth sex
transgender
having no sexual attraction to others
asexual
sex hormones that contributes to female sex characteristics and are secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. in nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity
estrogens
the four stages of sexual responding described by masters and Johnson- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
sexual response cycle
a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm
refractory period
a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning
sexual dysfunction
inability to develop or maintain an erection due to insufficient bloodflow to the penis
erectile disorder
sexual climax that occurs before the man or his partner wishes
premature ejaculation
distress due to infrequently or never experiencing orgasm
female orgasmic disorder
sexual arousal from fantasies behaviors, or urges involving nonhuman objects, the suffering of self or others, and/ or nonconsenting persons
paraphilias
a life-threatening, sexually transmitted infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AIDS depletes the immune system, leaving the person vulnerable to infections
AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex (homosexual orientation), the other sex (heterosexual orientation), or both sexes bisexual orientation)
sexual orientation
the study of how our behavior and mind have changed in adaptive ways over time due to natural selection
evolutionary psychology
the principle that, among that range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
natural selection
