Chapter 4- Gender and Sexuality

Question 1

the roles and characteristics that a culture expects from those defined as male and female

Answer 1

gender

Question 2

any act intended to harm someone physically or emotionally

Answer 2

aggression

Question 3

an act of aggression (physically or emotionally) intended to harm a person’s relationship or social standing

Answer 3

relational aggression

Question 4

the sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two X chromosomes; males have one. An X chromosome from each parent produces a female child.

Answer 4

X chromosome

Question 5

the sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child

Answer 5

Y chromosome

Question 6

the most important male sex hormone. both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty

Answer 6

testosterone

Question 7

the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing

Answer 7

puberty

Question 8

the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that makes sexual reproduction possible

Answer 8

primary sex characteristics

Question 9

nonreproductive sexual traits, such as female breasts or hips, male voice quality, and body hair

Answer 9

secondary sex characteristics

Question 10

first ejaculation

Answer 10

spermarche

Question 11

the first menstrual period

Answer 11

menarche

Question 12

possessing biological sexual characteristics of both sexes

Answer 12

intersex

Question 13

a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave

Answer 13

role

Question 14

a set of expected behaviors for males or for females

Answer 14

gender role

Question 15

our sense of being male or female

Answer 15

gender identity

Question 16

the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished

Answer 16

social learning theory

Question 17

the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role

Answer 17

gender typing

Question 18

displaying both traditional masculine and feminine psychological characteristics

Answer 18

androgyny

Question 19

an umbrella term describing people whose gender identity or expression differs from that associated with their birth sex

Answer 19

transgender

Question 20

having no sexual attraction to others

Answer 20

asexual

Question 21

sex hormones that contributes to female sex characteristics and are secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. in nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity

Answer 21

estrogens

Question 22

the four stages of sexual responding described by masters and Johnson- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

Answer 22

sexual response cycle

Question 23

a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm

Answer 23

refractory period

Question 24

a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning

Answer 24

sexual dysfunction

Question 25

inability to develop or maintain an erection due to insufficient bloodflow to the penis

Answer 25

erectile disorder

Question 26

sexual climax that occurs before the man or his partner wishes

Answer 26

premature ejaculation

Question 27

distress due to infrequently or never experiencing orgasm

Answer 27

female orgasmic disorder

Question 28

sexual arousal from fantasies behaviors, or urges involving nonhuman objects, the suffering of self or others, and/ or nonconsenting persons

Answer 28

paraphilias

Question 29

a life-threatening, sexually transmitted infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AIDS depletes the immune system, leaving the person vulnerable to infections

Answer 29

AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)

Question 30

an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex (homosexual orientation), the other sex (heterosexual orientation), or both sexes bisexual orientation)

Answer 30

sexual orientation

Question 31

the study of how our behavior and mind have changed in adaptive ways over time due to natural selection

Answer 31

evolutionary psychology

Question 32

the principle that, among that range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

Answer 32

natural selection