Chapter 4 - External Anatomy And Adaptive Radiation In Gnathostomes

Question 1

Contains sensory cells that serve to detect water vibrations (dogfish)

Answer 1

Lateral-line system

Question 2

Pointed extremity of the head of a dogfish

Answer 2

Rostrum

Question 3

Canals that connect the ears to the surface if the head

Answer 3

Endolymphatic ducts

Question 4

First gill slit

Answer 4

Spiracle

Question 5

2 kinds of fins (dogfish)

Answer 5

Unpaired or median fins

Paired or lateral fins

Question 6

What asymmetrical type is the caudal fin of elasmobranchs?

Answer 6

Heterocercal

Question 7

Sperm-conducting groove which is used in mating by the dogfish

Answer 7

Clasper

Question 8

Dermal fin rays of the dogfish

Answer 8

Ceratotrichia

Question 9

What is the difference between the operculum of bony fishes and elasmobranchs?

Answer 9

Those of elasmobranchs lacks skeletal support

Question 10

Covers the gill opening

Answer 10

Operculum

Question 11

Shape of the caudal fin of bony fishes (osteichthyes)

Answer 11

Homocercal

Question 12

Bony flexible jointed fin rays that support the fins of bony fishes

Answer 12

Lepidotrichia

Question 13

Another name for garpike

Answer 13

Lepidosteus

Question 14

Nostrils of amphibians

Answer 14

External nares

Question 15

Do amphibians have a cloaca?

Answer 15

No

Question 16

A fold of skin that passes transversely across the throat of amphibians

Answer 16

Gular fold

Question 17

Differentiate frogs and toads

Answer 17

Frogs: long legs; smooth skin
Toads: short legs; rough thick skin

Question 18

Projections of the skull bones covered with a thin horny shell

Answer 18

Head spines or horns

Question 19

3rd eyelid

Answer 19

Nictitating membrane

Question 20

3rd median eye

Answer 20

Pineal eye

Question 21

Opening of sacs which secrete a yellowish waxy material of unknown purpose; found along the inner surface of the thighs of lizards

Answer 21

Femoral pores

Question 22

Temperature-detectors of snakes

Answer 22

Pit

Question 23

Connects the carpace and plastron

Answer 23

Lateral bridges

Question 24

Differentiate a male and female turtle

Answer 24

Male carapace us more arched

Male claws are longer

Question 25

Differentiate alligator and crocodile

Answer 25

Alligator: broad and blunt snout Crocodile: narrow and pointed snout

Question 26

Tail of aves which is reduced to a stump

Answer 26

Uropygium

Question 27

Feathers that conceal the shape of birds

Answer 27

Contour feathers

Question 28

Large, stout feathers of the wings and tail

Answer 28

Flight feathers

Question 29

Small feathers which cover the bases of the wings and tail and the general surface of a bird's body

Answer 29

Coverts

Question 30

Hairlike processes on birds; hair feathers

Answer 30

Filoplumes

Question 31

Deep pits into which contour feathers were set

Answer 31

Feather follicles

Question 32

A flap with a fringed posterior margin (Chondrichthyes)

Answer 32

Nasofrontal process

Question 33

Deep groove covered by the nasofrontal process (Chondricthyes)

Answer 33

Orosonal groove

Question 34

Large opening between pelvic fins (Chondrichthyes)

Answer 34

Anus or cloacal aperture

Question 35

Base of upper beak of aves

Answer 35

Cere

Question 36

Deep, narrow passage which leads to the middle ear (Aves)

Answer 36

External auditory meatus

Question 37

Fold + external auditory meatus

Answer 37

External ear

Question 38

Organs of flight

Answer 38

Wings

Question 39

Great flight feathers

Answer 39

Remiges

Question 40

Feathers of the hand

Answer 40

Primaries

Question 41

Feathers of the forearm

Answer 41

Secondaries

Question 42

Feathers of the upper arm

Answer 42

Tertiares or humerals

Question 43

Half-circle of large flight feathers on the tail stump

Answer 43

Rectrices

Question 44

Where the bird obtains oil for preening its feathers

Answer 44

Uropygial gland

Question 45

Closely set hairs clothing the body of mammals

Answer 45

Fur

Question 46

Long and stout hairs which have a rich nerve supply and serve as important tactile organs (Mammalia)

Answer 46

Whiskers or vibrissae

Question 47

Divisions of the head of a cat

Answer 47

Facial and cranial region

Question 48

Cleft in the center of the upper lip (mammalia)

Answer 48

Harelip

Question 49

Do cats have a nictitating membrane?

Answer 49

Yes

Question 50

Long and flexible external fold in the ear of cats

Answer 50

Pinna

Question 51

Pinna + external auditory meatus (mammalia)

Answer 51

External ear

Question 52

Openings of milk glands

Answer 52

Teats or nipples

Question 53

Also called as milk glands in mammals

Answer 53

Mammary glands

Question 54

Enumerate and describe the types of gaits. Gives example of an animal with that type of gait.

Answer 54

Digitigrade - walks on digits w/ remainder of hand and foot elevated (cat and rabbit) Plantigrade - walks on whole sole of the foot (man) Unguligrade - walk on their nails (horses and cattle)

Question 55

Region that includes the anal and urogenital openings

Answer 55

Perineum

Question 56

True or False? Majority of mammals gave a cloaca.

Answer 56

False

Question 57

True or False? The anal and urogenital openings of mammals are separate

Answer 57

True

Question 58

Greater lips/labia majora + urogenital opening (female mammals)

Answer 58

Vulva

Question 59

Organ of copulation in male mammals

Answer 59

Penis

Question 60

Double pouch of the body wall of male mammals which the testes are located

Answer 60

Scrotum or scrotal sac

Question 61

Head of the penis

Answer 61

Glans

Question 62

Also called the foreskin

Answer 62

Prepuce