Chapter 3 - Essential Features Of Lower Types

Question 1

3 regions of the body of a balanoglossid

Answer 1

Proboscis, collar, trunk

Question 2

Elongated conical structure at the anterior end of a balanoglossid which is used to burrow into the sand

Answer 2

Proboscis

Question 3

Band encircling the body of a balanoglossid just behind the proboscis

Answer 3

Collar

Question 4

Attaches the proboscis and collar

Answer 4

Proboscis stalk

Question 5

3 regions of the trunk of a balanoglossid and their features

Answer 5

Branchiogenital - gonads
Hepatic - hepatic caeca
Abdominal - intestine

Question 6

Most chordate-like structure of the balanoglossid

Answer 6

Gill apparatus

Question 7

Represents the notochord of balanoglossids

Answer 7

Diverticulim

Question 8

Central nervous system of balanoglossids

Answer 8

Collar chord

Question 9

Blood channel in balanoglossids representing the heart lumen

Answer 9

Central blood sinus

Question 10

Excretory organ of balanoglossids

Answer 10

Glomerulus

Question 11

Upper siphon of tunicates/sea squirts and is the degenerate anterior end of the animal

Answer 11

Oral or incurrent siphon

Question 12

Lower siphon and represents the posterior end of tunicates/sea squirts

Answer 12

Atrial or excurrent siphon

Question 13

Outer covering of tunicates which is thick, tough, sometimes gelatinous membrane secreted by the underlying epithelium and attached to the inclosed body only at the siphons

Answer 13

Tunic or test

Question 14

It is beneath the test; soft body wall consisting of an outer epithelium and inner connective tissue

Answer 14

Mantle

Question 15

Chronological order of digestive tract of tunicates

Answer 15

Pharynx
Atrium
Esophagus
Stomach
Intestine
Anus

Question 16

Constitutes the central nervous system of the adult tunicate

Answer 16

Ganglion

Question 17

Term for the developmental stage of tunicates

Answer 17

Tadpole

Question 18

Where the larva of tunicates attaches when about to metamorphose

Answer 18

Papillae

Question 19

Ventral and greater part of the head of Amphioxus

Answer 19

Oral hood

Question 20

Where the mouth of amphioxus is located

Answer 20

Vestibule

Question 21

Borders of the oral hood

Answer 21

Tentacles or cirri

Question 22

2 membranous folds on the amphioxus; lateral fins of the amphioxus

Answer 22

Metapleural folds

Question 23

Median opening in the amphioxus

Answer 23

Atriopore

Question 24

V-shaped muscles segments in amphioxus

Answer 24

Myotomes

Question 25

Separates the myotomes of the amphioxus

Answer 25

Myosepta

Question 26

Sex glands

Answer 26

Gonads

Question 27

Serves as skeletal support of the fins, myotomes, and digestive tract of the amphioxus

Answer 27

Fin rays

Question 28

Finger-like projections in the internal anatomy of amphioxus

Answer 28

Wheel organ

Question 29

Central groove of the longest and middorsal finger (wheel organ)

Answer 29

Hatschek's groove

Question 30

Vertical membrane behind the base of the wheel organ

Answer 30

Velum

Question 31

Slender parallel oblique bars which composes the side walls of the pharynx of amphioxus

Answer 31

Gill bars or branchial bars

Question 32

Large cavity surrounding the pharynx of amphioxus

Answer 32

Atrium

Question 33

Chronological order of digestive tract of amphioxus

Answer 33

``` Esophagus Stomach Liver/Hepatic caecum Iliocolon ring Intestine Anus ```

Question 34

Yellowish rod found inside amphioxus

Answer 34

Notochord

Question 35

Central nervous system of amphioxus which is best recognized by the row of black spots (simple eyes) that it bears

Answer 35

Neural tube

Question 36

Represents the brain of amphioxus

Answer 36

Brain vesicle

Question 37

Eel-like animal; tough, slimy, naked skin; body consists of a stout cylindrical head and trunk and a laterally flattened tail

Answer 37

Lamprey

Question 38

Bowl-shaped depression in the anterior end of the head of a lamprey

Answer 38

Buccal funnel

Question 39

Leads to the olfactory sac of a lamprey

Answer 39

Nasohypophyseal opening

Question 40

How many gill slits does a lamprey have?

Answer 40

7

Question 41

Contains the anal opening in front and the urogenital papilla behind (lamprey)

Answer 41

Cloacal pit

Question 42

Larval stage of cyclostomes

Answer 42

Ammocoetes

Question 43

Serv as strainers in feeding (Ammocoetes)

Answer 43

Oral papillae

Question 44

Most anterior division of the ammocoete brain

Answer 44

Telenchephalon

Question 45

2 lobes in the ammocoete telencephalon and their position

Answer 45

Olfactory bulb - front | Olfactory lobe - behind

Question 46

Behind the olfactory lobe of the ammocoete

Answer 46

Diencephalon

Question 47

Ventral part of the diencephalon which projects forward below the olfactory lobe

Answer 47

Infundibulum

Question 48

Midbrain

Answer 48

Mesencephalon

Question 49

Largest division of the brain (ammocoetes)

Answer 49

Rhombencephalon

Question 50

Large flap situated in front of the gill slits (ammocoetes)

Answer 50

Velum

Question 51

Thyroid or endostyle (ammocoetes); conspicuous elongated body

Answer 51

Subpharyngeal gland

Question 52

Larval kidney (ammocoetes)

Answer 52

Pronephros

Question 53

System of skin sense organs peculiar to aquatic vertebrates

Answer 53

Lateral-line system